Fan Exhaust Air Sampling of Livestock Operations as a Proxy for Indoor Bioaerosol Monitoring
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Highlights Fan exhaust air sampling is a reliable monitoring proxy for indoor bioaerosols from livestock operations. Air samples collected indoors and at fan exhaust have highly similar bacterial diversity. At low indoor concentrations, specific microbial markers are still detectable in the air collected at the fan exhaust. Abstract. The incidence of animal and zoonotic diseases is expected to increase in the coming years, imposing the reinforcement of biosecurity measures for livestock operations. Airborne transmission of certain infectious agents underscores the importance of surveilling bioaerosols. However, having access to livestock operations for monitoring purposes is now challenging. Hence, it has become imperative to explore alternative strategies to assess indoor bioaerosols. This study aimed to compare bacterial diversity and quantify microbial markers found in bioaerosols indoors and at the fan exhausts of pig-finishing buildings (PFBs) and broiler chicken barns (BCBs). Bioaerosols were collected using a filter-based, high-flow rate air sampler in 12 facilities (10 PFBs and 2 BCBs) during the warm season in Eastern Canada, corresponding to maximal ventilation rate operations. Four farms—PFB-1, PFB-2, BCB-1, and BCB-2—were visited multiple times, while the other eight PFBs (PFB-3 to PFB-10) were visited once. At each farm, indoor air samples were paired with samples from the corresponding sidewall extraction fans. Amplicon-based sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to describe bacterial diversity and quantify specific microbial (bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes, Enterococcus spp., and a phage of Aerococcus viridans) and animal (swine and poultry DNA) markers. No significant differences in OTUs abundance and diversity between indoor bioaerosols and their corresponding fan exhaust samples were observed. There were also no significant differences between an indoor and its corresponding fan exhaust air sample when comparing OTUs relative abundance and their presence-absence. Similarly, concentrations of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in indoor samples (10 6 –10 8 ) did not significantly differ from those found in samples collected at the fan exhaust (10 5 –10 8 ) for both PFBs and BCBs. Strong correlations were observed between sampling sites for Archaea, Enterococcus, and A. viridans phage concentrations while poultry and swine DNA concentrations at fan exhausts did not correlate with indoor levels. All investigated markers were detectable at fan exhausts, even at low indoor concentrations (10 2 –10 3 ). Our study suggests that air sampling at the fan exhaust of barns provides a representative picture of the indoor bioaerosols both for bacterial diversity and barn-specific indicators when the fans are in use. This method appears promising for characterizing indoor air quality based on emissions and could be highly valuable in cases where biosecurity measures or outbreaks restrict access to barns. Keywords: Air sampling, Airborne microbiota, Bioaerosols, Broiler, Fan exhaust, Livestock operations, Pig.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».