The penal role of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Integrity Commission in combating corruption crimes in the region
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The crime of corruption represents a great danger to the state, and is very contrary to the standards of integrity, and constitutes a major obstacle to economic development plans, as corruption crimes have recently spread throughout the world significantly, especially in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region, which called for each of them to establish a special body to combat corruption crimes in them after the collapse of the former regime in 2003. The work of the Integrity Commission in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region as an anti-corruption body is a relatively new experience. With the development of the issue of corruption in the Kurdistan Region, the legislator decided to issue the Law of the Integrity Commission for the Kurdistan Region No. (3) of 2011, which referred in its second article to the establishment of a commission in the name of (Commission of Integrity for the Kurdistan Region - Iraq). Its main mission is to combat corruption crime in the region. The research came to show the penal role of the Kurdistan Region Integrity Commission in reducing corruption crimes that are rampant in the region, as well as revealing the shortcomings and legislative shortcomings that surrounded the legislation regulating the work of the Regional Integrity Commission in order to activate it more effectively. The research reached a number of results, including: The law granted the Authority - as a competent authority to combat corruption crimes - some legal procedures to play a major role in combating these crimes in particular, the most important of which is the possibility of initiating the criminal case through its legal representative, as well as receiving (information) complaint and information in order to investigate them, where the Authority investigates two types of lawsuits: The first are news cases that have not yet been brought before the judiciary, and the second are criminal cases that have been brought before the investigative court judge upon receiving a complaint or informing about corruption. The Commission, through its legal representative, can appeal the decisions of the investigating judge and the Court of First Instance, as according to the data obtained by the researchers, the Commission has carried out its tasks effectively in the field of appealing the decisions to suspend execution within the scope of corruption crimes. The research recommended a number of suggestions, the most important of which are: the need to add a text to the law of the Regional Integrity Commission in which it explicitly stipulates that the Commission must initiate a criminal case as soon as it learns of the crime of corruption, and that the system does not include the suspension of the execution of punishment for perpetrators of corruption crimes. Keywords:Kurdistan Region Integrity Commission, initiating criminal cases, receiving information and complaints, investigation, news lawsuit and criminal lawsuit, appeal. Download Statistics Article view 1 Downloads 0 First online 15 December 2024 Published at 15 December 2024 How to cite RIS EndNote HARVARD Mendeley BibTeX APA MLA VANCOUVER Share logo Journal of Legal and Political Studies Quick li
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».