The Prevalence of Hypertension Among Children and Antihypertensive Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Early-onset hypertension (HT) presents compounded risks for cardiovascular, renal, and other systemic complications. Childhood HT is associated with HT during adulthood and detrimental lifelong cardiovascular disease events. However, most of the cases are not detectable as HT measurement in children is complicated and unstable. The global prevalence of HT among children is rapidly increasing. A previous study (2019) reported that the pooled global HT prevalence is 4.0% and the number is believed to be elevated. However, prevalence estimates of childhood HT have rarely been synthesized globally. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically pool all evidence from published articles and synthesize the evidence on the global prevalence of childhood HT and antihypertensive (anti-HT) use among children and its effects. METHODS: This systematic review of observational and experimental studies will investigate the overall prevalence of HT and anti-HT use among children. We will search articles from 4 web-based databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and Scopus using the specific keywords across the databases. During the article search conducted until October 2024, we retrieved 14,575 articles. Articles published in the English language with full text and are peer-reviewed journals included children aged between 0 and 18 years, confirmed with HT or high blood pressure (BP) on at least 3 separate occasions, and stated the definition of HT will be included in this protocol. Study selection and reporting will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and Cochrane Risk of bias tool (ACROBAT) for experimental studies. Data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form using Microsoft Excel software and the studies' quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's guideline according to the study design. We will use STATA software (version 17.0; StataCorp LLC) to calculate the global pooled prevalence and RevMan software (version 5.4; StataCorp LLC) to observe the effect of anti-HT use and BP among children. The risk of bias will be assessed using a funnel plot. RESULTS: We retrieved 14,575 articles from 4 databases in October 2024. We will report the current global overall or pooled prevalence of HT as well as by region, risk factors, anti-HT use, and the anti-HT BP-lowering effect among the general children population. The findings will be presented in summary table findings and forest plot. This review is expected to be completed in the middle of 2025. CONCLUSIONS: This review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the overall prevalence of HT among children-a public health issue of growing concern with long-term impact. This review will also provide important information to inform practice in developing effective strategies for preventing and managing childhood HT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024500248; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024500248. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/65807.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,068 | 0,093 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,006 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,022 | 0,037 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,010 | 0,011 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,006 |
| Science ouverte | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,005 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,065 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».