Age and sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors at intake and completion of cardiac rehabilitation: chronologically young but cardiovascularly old?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing among younger and middle-aged adults (MA); perhaps in part due to, poor mental health, increased sedentary time, and low physical activity levels. Younger adults (YA) with CVD are more likely to experience worse mental health and are more likely to drop-out of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) when compared to MA and older adults (OA). Less is known regarding age and sex differences in CVD risk factors at intake and completion of CR. Purpose To evaluate differences in CVD risk factors among YA (≤44 yr), MA (45-64 yr), and OA (≥65 yr) patients who completed in-person CR and all risk factor-related questionnaires, at a Canadian hospital in 2023. Methods At intake and completion resting blood pressure was assessed. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7), and the Duke Activity Scale Index (DASI) were administered at both time points. A Chi-Square analysis was conducted to determine differences in the proportion of patients with elevated anxiety levels. A two-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was conducted to determine age and sex differences in risk factors. Results Of 512 total patients, 39 were YA (48.7% female), 180 were MA (27.7% female) and 293 were OA (33.7% female). No age-group or sex differences were observed for any outcome at intake or completion. Differences in elevated GAD-7 scores at intake (>10 moderate, >15 severe) were observed across age groups (χ2[2]=7.36, P=0.025). Within each group, 20.5% (female=3, male=5) of YA, 6.6% (female=2, male=10) of MA, and 10.2% (female=8, male=22) of OA demonstrated elevated GAD-7 scores. This difference was not apparent at completion (χ2[2]=0.580, P=0.748). No sex differences were observed in the proportion of elevated GAD-7 scores at intake or completion. Within age-groups, improvements in physical activity levels (YA intake:205.56; completion:225.26 mins/wk, P=<0.001; MA intake:179.14; completion:251.23 mins/wk P=<0.001; OA intake:179.03; completion:223.64 mins/wk, P=<0.001), the GAD-7 (YA intake:5.25; completion:3.00 points, P=<0.002; MA intake:3.52; completion:3.37 points, P=0.005; OA intake:3.65; completion:3.03 points, P=<0.001), and the DASI (YA intake:6.68; completion:8.12 METS, P=<0.001; MA intake:6.45; completion:7.84 METS, P=<0.001; OA intake:6.4; completion:7.8 METS, P=<0.001) were observed. Conclusions YA experience higher levels of anxiety upon entry into CR when compared to MA and OA. Completion of CR reduced the proportion of patients with elevated anxiety levels, with the greatest reductions among YA. The lack of differences in risk factor outcomes across age-groups is concerning. The CVD risk profile among those <44 years appears the same as those >65 years thus, warranting immediate action to increase physical activity levels and improve education surrounding CVD risk factors to elicit heart-healthy behaviours across the lifespan.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».