Sex differences in the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness determinants and cognitive functions in older with cardiovascular risk factors
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background The link between VO2max and cognition in older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) remains unclear, especially regarding sex differences. Previous findings suggest that cardiac determinants of VO2max primarily influence executive functions (EF) and processing speed (PS). Understanding these sex-specific differences may enhance personalized approaches to cognition and fitness. Purpose This study examined sex differences in the associations between ventilatory, cardiac, and peripheral determinants of VO2max and cognitive functions in older adults with CVRFs. We hypothesized that these associations would vary by sex. Methods 204 participants (148 women and 56 men, 70±6 years) with CVRFs underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test with gas exchange analyses and cardiac hemodynamic measurements by impedance cardiography. VO2max determinants, included ventilatory (alveolar ventilation (VA), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), minute ventilation/carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2)), cardiac (cardiac power (CP), cardiac index (CI)) and peripheral determinants (ratio of the increase in oxygen uptake to the increase in work rate (VO2/Watts), arteriovenous difference in O2 (C(a-v)O2)) were calculated. EF and PS were assessed via the DSST, TMT and Stroop tests. Multiple regressions adjusted for age and education between all VO2max determinants and cognitive functions were performed separately for women and men. Results In women, Stroop naming was associated with VA (p<.01), OUES (p<.05), CI (p<.001), and C(a-v)O2 (p<.001, R²=.32). In men, it was linked to VE/VCO2 (p<.01) and C(a-v)O2 (p<.05, R²=.30). Stroop reading was associated with C(a-v)O2 (p<.05, R²=.41) in men, with no associations in women. Stroop inhibition was linked to CI (p<.05) and C(a-v)O2 (p<.05, R²=.21) in women and to OUES (p<.05, R²=.34) in men. Stroop switching was associated with VE/VCO2 (p<.05) and C(a-v)O2 (p<.05, R²=.35) in women, with no significant predictors in men. PS, assessed with the DSST, was linked to VA (p<.05), OUES (p<.05), and VO2/Watts (p<.05, R²=.49) in men, with no associations in women. For TMT A, OUES (p<.05) and CI (p<.05, R²=.47) were predictors in men, with no associations in women. TMT B was linked to OUES (p<.05) and CP (p<.05, R²=.29) in women, and to CP in men (p<.01, R²=.40). Conclusion Sex-specific patterns were observed between VO2max determinants and cognition. In women, all determinants except VA and VO2/Watts were predictors of EF, while in men EF was linked to CP and OUES. For PS, ventilatory (VA, OUES), cardiac (CI), and peripheral (C(a-v)O2) determinants were associated in women, while in men PS was linked to all determinants. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences in the associations between VO2max determinants and cognition, offering valuable insights for developing individualized exercise interventions to maintain and improve cognition in older adults with CVRFs.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».