A systematic review of the content and delivery of clinical knowledge in orthodontic postgraduate programs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Orthodontic postgraduate education plays a critical role in developing clinical competence, yet substantial variability exists in how programs structure, deliver, and assess clinical knowledge. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the content and delivery of clinical knowledge in orthodontic postgraduate programs and their reported impact on trainee competence. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a pre-specified protocol. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, ERIC, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. Gray literature and reference lists were also screened. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies involving postgraduate orthodontic students or educators, with interventions related to instructional strategies or clinical knowledge delivery. Qualitative studies and those focused solely on undergraduate or continuing education were excluded. Following duplicate removal, 104 records were screened, and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria after full-text assessment. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by a third. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Instructional strategies included didactic lectures, problem-based learning, scenario-based simulations, digital learning platforms, and structured assessments such as Mini-CEX and OSCE. Feedback-oriented and interactive methods were consistently associated with improvements in clinical reasoning, procedural skills, and learner confidence. However, substantial variability existed in assessment formats and feedback implementation across institutions. Newcastle-Ottawa scores indicated generally strong selection and outcome measurement, though comparability was often limited. GRADE assessments showed most studies were of moderate quality due to inconsistency or imprecision. These findings highlight the need for harmonized, evidence-based frameworks to guide the delivery and assessment of clinical knowledge in orthodontic postgraduate education, while allowing for flexibility based on institutional context. Efforts to standardize assessment strategies and integrate technology-enhanced learning may support improved competence development across diverse programs.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,077 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».