210 Residential radon exposure and lung cancer – a feasibility study in the interior health authority Region of British Columbia, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canada and is the leading cause of death in both men and women. The most common causative agent is cigarette smoke. 1 However, a less publicly recognized cause is radon exposure.2 Geologic surveys of the Interior Health region of British Columbia (BC) have shown elevated levels of uranium and, consequently, elevated radon levels in the soil within this area.3 To date, there have been no published case-control studies, especially examining the feasibility of measuring residential radon levels in patients diagnosed with lung cancer within this region. This study aims to enroll cancer patients seen at BC Cancer in the city of Kelowna and prospectively measure the radon levels in their homes using alpha-track detectors. The primary objective is to identify the feasibility of a larger-scale study by determining the recruitment and retention rates while highlighting the successes and challenges faced while conducting the study on a smaller sample size.Methods Single-centered prospective case-control study based in BC Cancer Kelowna. Patients with lung cancer and their close acquaintances without lung cancer were respectively categorized into case and control groups. All participants were above the age of 50 and resided within the Interior Health Authority for at least 5 years. Subjective lifestyle information and histological diagnosis were collected. Alpha-track radon detectors were provided, and participants were instructed to keep them in place for 100 days during the late fall and winter seasons. Upon completion, the participants were informed of their radon level and whether it was within Canadian guidelines.Results Over 316 individuals were approached, and 99 of these individuals enrolled and consented to the study (63 case and 36 control). The recruitment rate was 19.9%, and the retention rate was 80.9% for case participants, while the recruitment rate was 78.3% and the retention rate was 86.1% for control participants. The mean radon level in case participants was 171 Bq/m 3(18–860 Bq/m3)compared to 160 Bq/m3(12–535 Bq/m3) in control participants (p = 0.029). The most prevalent histological lung cancer subtype found in case participants with elevated radon levels was squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.019). This feasibility study provided valuable insight into healthcare quality and safety by observing the appropriateness of radon testing during cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, it identified crucial challenges faced along the way, such as laboratory delays, seasonality of testing, participant compliance, and carrier mail, which should all be addressed before future study upscaling.References Cancer CCS/S canadienne du. Canadian Cancer Society. [cited 2025 Mar 18]. Cancer statistics at a glance. Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/research/cancer-statistics/cancer-statistics-at-a-glanceCancer CCS/S canadienne du. Canadian Cancer Society. 2024 [cited 2025 Mar 18]. Risks for lung cancer. Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/lung/risksMalinovsky G, Yarmoshenko I, Vasilyev A. Meta-analysis of case-control studies on the relationship between lung cancer and indoor radon exposure. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2019 Mar;58(1):39–47.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».