Integrated Behavioral and Biological Surveillance Among People Living With HIV Visiting the Antiretroviral Therapy Centers in India: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Surveillance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: The estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India in 2023 is 2.54 million (range 2.16-3.03 million). With the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the "Test and Treat" policy, the life expectancy of PLHIV on ART has substantially increased, consequently leading to a higher rate of comorbidities among PLHIV. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2025 targets aim for about 90% of PLHIV to have access to integrated and comprehensive health care services, with a concerted effort to reach the End of AIDS by 2030. Hence, the National Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) among PLHIV (IBBS-PLHIV) has been implemented for the first time in India to establish a baseline understanding of the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and related risk behaviors among PLHIV. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of IBBS-PLHIV is to estimate the levels of HIV-related risk behaviors and the prevalence of other STIs and NCDs among PLHIV. The specific objectives are identifying the levels of HIV-related sexual and injecting risk behaviors; estimating the prevalence of STIs such as syphilis, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus; estimating the prevalence of NCDs such as diabetes and hypertension; understanding the lifestyle and behavioral risks associated with NCDs; and assessing the levels of violence, stigma, and discrimination experienced by PLHIV. METHODS: IBBS-PLHIV will be a cross-sectional, biennial surveillance among PLHIV aged 15 years or older. The first round will be implemented at 120 ART centers across 28 states, accounting for approximately 95% of the total estimated PLHIV. Consenting, eligible PLHIV will be recruited through consecutive sampling. The overall sample size at each ART center is approximately 225, and the surveillance period is 3 months. Behavioral data on demographics, reproductive and sexual health, lifestyle and sexual behaviors, stigma, and discrimination will be collected. Blood samples will also be collected to test for STIs and NCDs. RESULTS: IBBS-PLHIV was initiated on January 1, 2024, in a phased manner. Data collection was carried out over 3 months and completed by June 2024 across all 120 sites. A total of 25,257 PLHIV were recruited for the surveillance, including 11,921 males, 11,855 females, and 1481 hijra/transgender individuals. Data entry, followed by data matching and validation of all records, was completed in December 2024. The data are currently being analyzed, and the final findings are expected to be disseminated by December 2025. CONCLUSIONS: Data collected through IBBS-PLHIV will help monitor the levels of HIV-related sexual and injecting risk behaviors among PLHIV. Additionally, it will provide estimates of the prevalence of NCD comorbidities and STI coinfections such as diabetes, hypertension, syphilis, and viral hepatitis. These findings will serve as a baseline and are expected to offer valuable insights for facilitating comprehensive HIV care and management through the effective integration of HIV and broader health service delivery. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/58252.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,032 | 0,021 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,036 | 0,008 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».