Preferences for Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the Endemic Phase of COVID-19: Discrete Choice Experiment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are effective tools for pandemic containment but often impose significant socioeconomic consequences that intensify over time. Public support and compliance to NPIs are crucial to ensure their effectiveness. objectives: This study aimed to elicit preferences of a Singaporean population for the reintroduction of NPIs in response to the emergence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant during the COVID-19 endemic phase. Methods: A web-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted. DCE attributes reflected key NPIs implemented in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022, including mask wearing, dining restrictions, suspension of vocalization activities and large-scale events, quarantine after international travel, and mandatory vaccine boosters. Participants were recruited from a demographically representative online panel. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed-logit model and mixed-mixed multinomial logit model. Results: A total of 1552 participants were included in the analysis. Overall preferences from the mixed-logit model showed that mask wearing was valued, both in public and indoors. Dining restrictions allowing groups of up to 5 people were preferred, but stricter dining restrictions allowing up to 2 people or no dining out were not favored. Prohibiting large-scale events was not preferred. Participants accepted quarantine at home but opposed quarantine in government facilities. Two classes emerged from the mixed-mixed logit model: class 1 ("Prefer NPIs") and class 2 ("Prefer No NPIs"). While class 1 (39%) was only opposed to a complete prohibition on dining in at food and beverage establishments, no NPIs were preferred by class 2 (61%). Both classes were not opposed to mandatory mask wearing, dining restrictions allowing groups of up to 5 people, and mandatory vaccine boosters. Sex, age, education, employment status, the number of COVID-19 vaccine shots received, and risk attitude were associated with individuals' likelihood of belonging to a specific preference group. Conclusions: Following the emergence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant after a prolonged period of restrictions, less disruptive NPIs such as mask wearing indoors were valued by the public and should be swiftly reinstated. Adaptive strategies should be adopted for more contentious NPIs, such as strict dining restrictions and quarantine policies. Public preferences should be considered in the design and selection of NPIs for future pandemic containment strategies to enhance compliance and effectiveness.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».