A Cross-Sectional Survey of Unintentional Injuries Among 15-24-Year-Old Vocational School Youth From Pakistan Between 2021-2022
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
There is a lack of recent data on the incidence of unintentional injuries and occupational injuries from Pakistan, among youth 15 to 24 years of age. This survey was conducted among vocational school youth in Peshawar, Pakistan (2021-22). Parental consent and assent were obtained for students <18 years of age. After obtaining consent, students were given a hard copy of the self-administered, World Health Organization community survey guide for injuries and violence questionnaire in a classroom session. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) were reported for unintentional and occupational injuries There were 547 youth of which [356 (54%)] were males. Majority [535 (97%)] of the students had received formal education before vocational training, while fathers had higher formal education [437(80%)], compared to mothers [326 (60%)]. The median family income of these vocational students was 30 000 Pakistani rupee (PKR) per month. Vocational youth mostly lived in crowded family settings with 239 participants (44%) living with ≥8 family members in the household. In terms of risk behaviors, there was minimal use of tobacco [532 (97.3%)] and minimal alcohol [9 (2%)]. Non-use of helmets was found in [273 (50%)], which was similar to seat belt non-use in [307 (56%)] of participants. Eight percent of students carried a gun for personal protection. Males had 3.24 times higher rates of road traffic injuries, 1.28 times higher rates of occupational injuries, and 1.63 times higher rates of unintentional injuries overall compared to their female counterparts. The 15 to 19 age group had significantly lower incidence of burns and falls compared to the 20 to 24 age group. Factors that increased the risk of unintentional injuries UI T were tobacco use adjusted IRR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.05-2.69, P = .049), not using a seat belt adjusted IRR = 1.3 (95% CI: 1.14-1.69, P < .001), lack of formal education prior to vocational training in the youth, adjusted IRR of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.12-18.91, P = .034), lack of father’s education adjusted IRR = 4.71 (95% CI: 2.12-10.49, P < .001), lower family income (≤35 000 PKR) adjusted IRR = 2.04 ( 95% CI: 1.04-4.02, P = .039), larger household size (≥8 members), with an adjusted IRR of 3.59 (95% CI: 3.11-5.07, P < .001). In contrast, age ≤19 years showed a higher unadjusted risk (IRR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1-4.2, P = .049), but this association was not significant after adjustment (adjusted IRR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.8-3.27, P = .184). Marital status and mother’s education were not significantly associated with UI T. This study on vocational youth in Pakistan highlights the critical need for targeted interventions. We recommend prioritizing stricter enforcement of traffic laws, implementing public awareness campaigns specifically for vocational youth, and providing subsidized safety equipment, such as helmets. Furthermore, integrating comprehensive road safety and health education into vocational training curricula is crucial. By addressing these critical areas, significant reduction in injury rates and improved safety and well-being of this vulnerable population may be realized.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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