Fermented Food Consumption Across European Regions: Protocol for the Development and Validation of the Web-Based Fermented Foods Frequency Questionnaire (3FQ)
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Fermented foods vary significantly by food substrate and regional consumption patterns. Although they are consumed worldwide, their intake and potential health benefits remain understudied. Europe, in particular, lacks specific consumption recommendations for most fermented foods. OBJECTIVE: This project, which is under the framework of the Promoting Innovation Of Fermented Foods (PIMENTO) Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action (CA20128), aims to develop a validated tool to quantitatively estimate fermented food intake across 4 European regions. METHODS: The Fermented Food Frequency Questionnaire (3FQ) was designed to quantify fermented food intake in terms of frequency and quantity. Fermented foods were categorized into broad groups (eg, dairy, plant-based, meat, beverages) based on product classifications, ensuring that the foods included were genuinely fermented through ingredient analysis according to the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus for fermented foods as a guide. For each main fermented food group, subcategories were determined after detailed discussions by a scientific expert panel that provided country-specific examples. For example, for hard cheeses, Parmigiano was chosen in the Italian version, and Graviera in the Greek version. The questionnaire was developed in English (universal version) and then translated into multiple languages using the back-translation method. Each version was pilot-tested for clarity, and data for the prospective validation were gathered. This included two key steps: (1) assessing repeatability by having participants retake the questionnaire after 6 weeks and (2) confirming accuracy by comparing 3FQ results against 24-hour dietary recalls from a subsample of participants. Statistical analyses will be used to confirm agreement between the methods. Representative sample calculations were performed for 4 groups by biological sex and age group (between 18 and 49.9 years and 50+ years). To ensure representative sample obtainment, participants aged 18+ years were recruited via the internet using multiple strategies, including social media platforms in all countries, snowball sampling, and potential supplementation with panels provided by the survey platform. Prior to all responses, participants were asked to provide informed consent and agree to data collection under ethical guidelines using a General Data Protection Regulation-compliant platform. RESULTS: A representative sample of 1536 participants per European region was targeted, ensuring diversity in age and sex, with the goal of achieving a 60% response rate. A multilingual questionnaire was developed and pilot-tested for clarity. The upcoming steps will include final validation for accuracy and repeatability using 24-hour dietary recalls and specific statistical techniques of analysis to ensure reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The validated web-based 3FQ aims to address the current gaps in fermented food intake to help improve future research in this important area. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/69212.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle