Longitudinal capillary heterogeneity: Implications for active hyperaemia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Active hyperaemia is a process where blood flow is increased to metabolically active cells within a tissue. In skeletal muscle, capillaries are critical in sensing skeletal muscle activity and coordinating the vascular response to direct blood flow to contracting muscle fibres during active hyperaemia. There is evidence to suggest that capillary endothelial cells (ECs) are not a homogenous set of cells and that their characteristics may change along the length of a capillary (Mrazkova et al, 1986). This longitudinal heterogeneity may have implications on capillary function with respect to their role in active hyperemia. Therefore, we sought to determine whether EC characteristics differed along the length of a capillary. We perfused 5 female and 6 male CD-1 mice with fluorescently labelled Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and GS-1 Isolectin (ISO), two lectin stains that target different components of the EC glycocalyx, WGA binding to N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid and ISO targeting a-D-galactosyl residues. We used fluorescence microscopy to view microvascular networks in whole mounts of gluteus maximus (GM), diaphragm (DIA), soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and cremaster (CRE) muscles. All muscles were excised and pinned at optimal length and the fluorescence intensity of each stain along the first 200µm of capillaries was measured. We observed that WGA stained the entire vascular network including capillaries across their entire length in all muscles and both females and males. ISO only stained arterioles and very early capillaries and staining was not visible in late capillaries or veins. The brightness of both WGA and ISO decreased significantly along the capillaries, with ISO becoming significantly dimmer than WGA. WGA fluorescence intensity decreased across the first 200um of the capillary by 30.9 ± 2.5% in GM, 11.5 ± 4.0% in DIA, 7.6 ± 2.9% in EDL and 13.1 ± 4.0% in SOL in females while fluorescence intensity decreased by 22.9 ± 3.5% in GM, 16.3 ± 3.3% in DIA, 17.5 ± 3.5% in EDL, 12.0 ± 4.9 in SOL and 18.5 ± 5.1% in CRE in males. ISO fluorescence intensity decreased by 52.8 ± 3.2% in GM, 52.3 ± 3.4% in DIA, 24.9 ± 6.1% in EDL and 41.2 ± 4.2% in SOL respectively in females while it decreased 56.8 ± 3.4% in GM, 57.2 ± 4.0% in DIA, 45.3 ± 3.5% in EDL, 35.0 ± 3.7% in SOL and 53.1 ± 4.1% in CRE in males. There were no differences in the brightness of WGA between muscles in males, however, there were significant differences between muscles in the brightness of ISO in males. Further, there were significant differences in the decrease in brightness between muscles in both WGA and ISO in females. There were also sex differences between females and males. GM, DIA, and SOL all maintained consistent brightness between males and females for both WGA and ISO while EDL brightness was significantly different for both. These data show that the capillary glycocalyx changes along the length of a capillary. More broadly, these data support the suggestion that capillary ECs are heterogeneous along the length of a capillary. This longitudinal heterogeneity could have important implications for how capillaries sense skeletal muscle activity and coordinate vascular responses during active hyperaemia. NSERC This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».