In-Game Need Satisfaction, Frustration, and Gaming Addiction Patterns Across Subgroups of Adolescents Through Structural Equation Modeling: Cross-Sectional and Instrument Validation Study of the Youth Gaming Experience Scales
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Gaming is a prevalent activity during adolescence, a developmental stage characterized by vulnerability to gaming disorder (GD). According to the self-determination theory, gaming environments can satisfy and frustrate basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—processes linked to GD. However, existing research has primarily focused on adult populations, and validated instruments assessing both in-game need satisfaction (NS) and in-game need frustration (NF) in adolescents are lacking. Objective This study aimed to address this gap by validating the Spanish version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Gaming (BPNSFS-G) in adolescents. We examined its psychometric properties, its relationship with GD and gaming behavior, and differences in NS and NF across subgroups defined by risk factors for GD (sex, the developmental stage, and the gaming modality). Methods A total of 1174 adolescents (mean 12.07, SD 1.23; middle adolescents: 815/1174, 69.4%; male: 637/1037, 61.4%; online gamers: 388/511, 76.3%) participated in a school-based GD prevention program and completed a self-report battery, which included the adapted BPNSFS-G, a validated GD scale, and ad hoc items (daily gaming time and weekly frequency). The Spanish adaptation of the BPNSFS-G was developed using the back-translation method to ensure its content validity. A structural equation modeling approach was used to test its structural, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as measurement invariance. Reliability at both the item and factor levels, along with criterion validity, was also assessed. Results Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the scale structure was confirmed, validating 2 separate measures: a 3-factor second-order model for NS and a unidimensional model for NF, both with adequate internal consistency (NS: Cronbach α=0.75; NF: Cronbach α=0.77). The results also supported its validity, with NF more strongly associated with GD (r=0.49), and NS more closely related to gaming time (r=0.25-0.36). The scales functioned similarly across sex and developmental stage groups, but not across gaming modalities. Notably, NS showed significant differences across all subgroups, especially between boys and girls (t759.31=8.28; P<.001; g=0.55) and between online and offline gaming modes (t178.47=5.13; P<.001; g=0.58), with no meaningful differences found for NF. Conclusions This study provides initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the BPNSFS-G for adolescents. The resulting Youth Gaming Experience Scales (Youth Satisfying Gaming Experience Scale and Youth Frustrating Gaming Experience Scale) are brief, theoretically grounded, and empirically supported instruments for assessing in-game psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Given NF’s potential as a risk factor, these scales have a strong potential to explore self-determination theory–based mechanisms underlying the motivational etiology of GD and to advance both its assessment and prevention in adolescent populations.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».