Intimate partner violence during pregnancy against 601,534 women aged 15 to 49 years in 57 LMICs: prevalence, disparities, trends and associated factors using Demographic and Health Survey data
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), with harmful outcomes for both mother and unborn baby. As this public health issue remained poorly documented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this comprehensive study aimed to investigate prevalence and disparities of intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVDP) in 57 LMICs, grouped into WHO Regions and World Bank 2022 Income Classification. We also examined changes in IPVDP in LMICs and associated factors. Methods: Data for this study were extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 57 LMICs from 2000 to 2024. Countries without domestic violence data were excluded from the study. We estimated overall, regional, sub-regional, and national-weighted prevalence of IPVDP among women aged 15-49 years. Trends in IPVDP were calculated at the national level using the average annual rate of change (AARC) in a subset of 31 countries with at least two survey rounds. A Poisson regression model was fitted for identifying factors associated with IPVDP. Findings: The study included a total weighted sample of 601,534 women. The pooled prevalence of IPVDP was 6.3% (95% CI 6.2-6.4). The Eastern Mediterranean region recorded the highest prevalence of IPVDP (11.3% [95% CI 10.8-11.9]), while the South-East Asia region (3.3% [95% CI 3.0-3.5]) the lowest. Similarly, low-income countries (LICs) reported the highest prevalence of IPVDP (8.2% [95% CI 7.9-8.4]). Further, prevalence varied greatly across countries, ranging from 1.1% (95% CI 0.6-1.5) in South Africa to 17.6% (95% CI 15.3-20.0) in Papua New Guinea. Examining AARC, most countries (23/31) experienced a decreasing trend in IPVDP, however, seven countries showed increasing trends, with the largest of 8.3% (95% CI 6.8-9.9) in Gambia and the smallest of 0.6% (95% CI -0.7 to 1.8) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Similarly, we found that women: aged 15-19 years, from poor households, with primary education and below, who had more than 5 children, married before 18, who had not participated in household decision-making, and whose partners exhibited controlling behaviour had higher likelihood of experiencing IPVDP. Interpretation: Despite the implementation of numerous development programs aimed at reducing violence against women in LMICs in recent decades, IPVDP remains high in some countries and has even increased in others. Our findings indicate that efforts to reduce IPVDP and the associated health burdens need to be improved in many LMICs. In alignment with the 5.2 Sustainable Development Goal target (i.e., eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls), stakeholders such as NGOs and policymakers can use these findings to roll out interventions based on observed geographic and socio-demographic inequities to end IPVDP among vulnerable groups. Funding: The Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé (2022-2023-BF15-314279).
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».