Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among former elite athletes without a history of sport-related concussions compared to the general older population: a protocol for a cross-sectional study with exploratory subgroup analyses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological evidence regarding the impact of elite athletic careers on cognitive trajectories remains contentious. Although consistent physical activity has been associated with long-term brain health, former elite athletes appear to represent a unique population. While past research has established a connection between sport-related concussions (SRCs) and later cognitive decline, less attention has been given to the cognitive function of former athletes who have not experienced SRCs. Therefore, well-structured cross-sectional studies accounting for established dementia risk factors are needed to compare mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence between former elite athletes and the general population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cross-sectional study will be conducted at Beijing Sport University (BSU) in Beijing, China. It is designed as a comparative study, aiming to recruit a sample of around 360 participants aged 65 and above. This sample will comprise 180 former elite athletes without a history of SRCs recruited via the BSU Retirement Welfare Office (the former athlete group), and 180 age-matched individuals from the communities in three districts in Beijing (the comparison group). Participants will complete a comprehensive questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, dementia-related risk factors, current physical activity levels and, for the former athlete group specifically, details of their athletic careers. MCI and instrumental activities of daily living will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Memtrax continuous recognition test and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. The primary objective is to determine whether former elite athletes without a history of SRCs have a lower MCI prevalence than the general population. The secondary objective is to assess if these former elite athletes have a reduced prevalence of amnestic MCI and impairment in IADL compared with the general population. Additionally, the study aims to explore whether specific career-related characteristics of former athletes, such as the type of sport and contact exposure, are correlated with their cognitive function and IADL abilities in later life as a secondary exploratory component. The study will calculate the crude prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% CIs using the modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee/Internal Review Board of BSU (approval number: 2024042H). All procedures will adhere to the Helsinki Declaration. The study's findings will be provided to participants as deemed appropriate. The outcomes will be communicated through abstract presentations at national or international conferences/academic seminars, as well as through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2400085800.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,017 | 0,013 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».