Biochar-Based Amendments in Chromite Mine Tailing Debris-Contaminated Soil - Influence on Physiological Traits of Tomato and Soil Properties
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Mining activities contaminate agricultural soils in the mining area with heavy metals, which ultimately enter the food chain, posing serious threat to human health. Chromite mining activities have been carried out since decades in Muslim Bagh, Balochistan, Pakistan. Farmers transport soils from far-flung areas to avoid possible negative influence of mining activities on crops. Nevertheless, the effect of chromite contamination from mining activities in freshly transported (non-contaminated) agricultural soil on vegetable crops needs to be evaluated. Furthermore, the amendment of organic wastes as fertilizers in contaminated soil from mining activities needs to be tested for their possible attenuation potential against the negative effect of contamination on crops. In this study, top soil layer was contaminated with chromite mine tailing debris (thorough mixing with soil up to 5 cm of soil depth) at 1 t ha−1 yr−1 rate for two years. Manures from small ruminant (SG), poultry (PM), and farm yard (FYM) were combined at 1:1:1 ratio, followed by their further mixing with wood- and manure-derived biochars at 1:1 biochar:manure mixture ratio. Biochars were also combined with synthetic NPK fertilizer. Wood-derived biochar was also co-composted with the above-mentioned manure mixture, as well as with SG, PM and FYM manures. Two tomato fruit varieties were taken into account for this study. Three experiments were conducted; in experiment 1, biochar+manure mixtures were mixed in contaminated soil for two years at 5, 10, and 20 t ha−1 rates and large tomato fruit variety was grown for two years. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that small tomato fruit variety was selected as a crop. In experiment 3, the co-composted biochar fertilizers were amended in contaminated soil at 10 and 20 t ha−1 rates for one year and large tomato fruit variety was selected as a crop. Results showed that none of the fertilizer treatments increase the yield of large tomato fruit variety. Some treatments especially manure-derived biochar+manure mixture, amended at 10 and 20 t ha−1 rates improved yield of small tomato fruit variety compared to control. Tomato crops were not negatively impacted by the chromite contamination in terms of yield. Fertilizers did not lower the concentration of Pb in tomato fruits, except for few fertilizer treatments, which reduced the concentration of Pb in the fruits of small tomato fruit variety of second year crop (p < .05). Cadmium was not detected; whereas, chromium was detected in only two tomato fruit samples from two different treatments. This experiment suggests that crops may not take heavy metals in high concentrations for at least 5 years, following the deposition of metal(loids) from mining activities into the transported soils of agricultural lands of the region Muslim Bagh, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».