Accuracy and Reproducibility of Semidigital Versus Fully Digital Cephalometric Tracings Using a New Computer Program Versus Conventional Methods (Gold Standards): A Preliminary Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Cephalometric tracing can be done either conventionally or using computers. Digital dentistry and digital orthodontics have considerably facilitated procedures. Still, their diagnostic accuracy needs assessment. Many orthodontic programs have been developed for this purpose. The efficacy and reliability of such software are usually compared with the conventional method (gold standard). We used novel and more stringent methods of assessment to test a program in this regard. Methods: This study was performed on 10,302 tracing evaluations within 101 cases. Lateral cephalograms of 101 patients were landmarked using two methods (on paper vs. on a computer screen) and traced using three methods (completely conventionally [gold standard]; landmarks were identified on paper, but measurements were calculated by computer; landmarks were identified on the computer screen, and measurements were calculated by the computer program). A total of 15 landmarks and 17 cephalometric tracing measurements were determined via the abovementioned methods. The tracing errors were defined as differences between each pair of tracing methods, as well their absolute values (a total of 6 different tracing errors). Intraclass correlations were calculated for tracing values. Tracing errors were compared with the value 2, as the clinically acceptable range. However, they were also compared with the values zero as well as one hundredth of the mean of gold standard (as a more conservative value), using a one‐sample t ‐test ( α = 0.05). Results: All tracing errors were smaller than the clinically acceptable limits. Moreover, most simple errors were close to zero, and/or below the criterion of 1/100 of the mean of the gold standard. Furthermore, the more difficult error tests, that is, the directionless absolute errors, were all below 2; additionally, they were either below the 1/100 of absolute of the gold standard means or at the level of those means. Finally, the intraobserver reliabilities were high. All the 102 simple errors and absolute errors (on 101 lateral cephalograms) were significantly below 2 ( p < 0.0005, clinically acceptable). Conclusions: The accuracy was appropriate. Of the 51 simple tracing errors, only 9 were significantly greater than zero, and many of them were below or at the level of 1/100 of the gold standard means. All the directionless (absolute) errors were significantly greater than zero. However, in the case of those calculated as “absolute value of (gold standard subtracted by fully digital method),” all errors were below or at the level of 1/100 of the absolute of gold standards’ means. The intraobserver reliabilities were high.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».