First Record of Authigenic Gypsum from Association in the Early Permian Deep Sea Biogenic Ooze (Mud Sediments) of The Uppermost Kubang Pasu (Up Ku Pa) Formation in Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This study aims to investigate the unusual findings of authigenic gypsum and pyrite within cryptic silty clays sourced from the eastern Peri-Gondwanan Sibumasu Block, particularly focusing on the Kubang Pasu Formation located in Perlis, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. The primary objective is to elucidate the origins and geological significance of these clays, which are believed to have formed from sandy limestones and calcareous sandstones dating back to the Cisuralian period, also known as the Lower Permian. Additionally, the research seeks to explore the diagenetic processes that led to the formation of these minerals and their implications for the sulfur cycle, particularly in the context of the unique sedimentary environments associated with this region. To achieve these objectives, the study employs a multi-faceted approach that includes detailed sedimentological and geochemical analyses of the silty clays and associated sediments. Fossil evidence found within the Kubang Pasu Formation provides critical insights into the depositional history and environmental conditions during the Cisuralian period. The research examines the sedimentary environment characterized by the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters, which supports a substantial population of plankton. This upwelling is crucial for understanding the biological productivity of the region and its impact on sediment composition. The analysis focuses on the stratigraphic position of the authigenic gypsum layer, which is strategically situated at the top of a coastal parasequence. This layer lies beneath offshore black mudstones and is analyzed to assess the conditions that led to gypsum precipitation and the subsequent formation of pyrite. The study also investigates the role of anaerobic bacteria in the reduction of sulfate and the chemical interactions that facilitate the transformation of these sediments. The findings reveal that the authigenic gypsum layer is located directly beneath a flooding surface, which delineates the transition between two retreating parasequences. This stratigraphic relationship suggests a complex interplay of geological processes influenced by sea-level changes. The preceding regression event resulted in lowered sea levels and the seaward displacement of the upwelling zone, ultimately establishing anaerobic conditions in specific regions of the continental slope. In this unique sedimentary environment, anaerobic bacteria proliferated, leading to the reduction of dissolved sulfate (SO4) in seawater and the subsequent formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The interaction between H2S and iron minerals within the sediment facilitated the synthesis of iron sulfide (FeS), while the incorporation of elemental sulfur contributed to the formation of pyrite. Furthermore, the study highlights that the reducing conditions, coupled with low pH environments, became saturated with calcium derived from the disintegration of planktonic calcareous organisms. This saturation was critical for the precipitation of gypsum, occurring when the concentrations of dissolved calcium and sulfate exceeded the solubility product of gypsum. Overall, the research underscores the significance of these authigenic minerals in understanding the diagenetic history of the Kubang Pasu Formation and their broader implications for the sulfur cycle in marine sedimentary environments.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».