Retrospective use of the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 trial design tool to assess design choices in randomized controlled trials: an empirical review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) tool has been widely used to help investigators design randomized trials, facilitating the task of aligning design choices with an explanatory or pragmatic primary trial intention. PRECIS-2 is increasingly being used to retrospectively assess the degree of pragmatism or explanatoriness among published trials within reviews. There is little information on the interrater reliability of the tool and no consensus on the preferred method of achieving an accurate and reliable judgment of trial "pragmatism" when using PRECIS-2 retrospectively. The aims of this study were to assess the level of pragmatism or explanatoriness of trials that cite PRECIS-2 and to assess interrater reliability of PRECIS-2 using different scoring approaches. We compared agreement between two independent ratings within a single pair with agreement between consensus scores reached by two independent pairs of reviewers and whether widening the agreement criteria increased interrater reliability. METHODS: Thirty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were randomly selected from trials citing the PRECIS-2 tool. Two pairs of reviewers, a clinician paired with a methodologist in each case, were trained and independently scored each trial and reached a consensus score within pairs. Agreement between reviewers within pairs and between consensus scores across pairs was assessed using kappa statistics for each of the nine PRECIS-2 domains. RESULTS: RCTs citing PRECIS-2 had predominantly pragmatic design features. Interrater reliability within pairs was low across all domains, with the highest levels found in the two domains of analysis (0.32) and follow-up (0.33). Agreement across pairs on the consensus scores was similarly low. Agreement between reviewers and reviewer pairs was above 70% when agreement was reclassified as "within 1-point difference on the scoring scale" for eight domains, but no improvement was obtained for the remaining domain. CONCLUSION: Trials citing PRECIS-2 tend to have predominantly pragmatic design features. When using PRECIS-2 to retrospectively score trial publications, agreement between consensus scores across pairs of reviewers was no better than agreement within pairs. Reconfiguring the PRECIS scoring scale and improving scoring guidance may provide a more meaningful, easily interpreted measure of "pragmatism" for trialists wishing to use PRECIS-2 as a review tool. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) tool is designed to help researchers match their design decisions to the intended purpose of their trial. The intention of a trial can be "explanatory," which improves our understanding of how an intervention works, or "pragmatic," which supports decision-making in health care. Increasingly, the tool has been used for a secondary purpose: in systematic reviews. Here the tool is used to judge the level of "pragmatism" or "explanatoriness" of trials included in the review to aid the understanding of trial results. However, there is debate on the most reliable means of making this judgment. Sometimes judgements are made using one reviewer; other times, multiple reviewers. Our study evaluated interrater reliability of two methods of scoring trial publications using PRECIS-2: individual reviewer scores and pairs of reviewers agreeing on a consensus score. We also found that neither method we tested produced a reliable judgment using PRECIS-2, and the scores from two reviewers agreeing on a consensus were no more reliable than scores from a single reviewer. We performed an additional analysis that showed that simplifying the scoring from the original five-point scale to a three-point scale may give a more reliable judgment of the "pragmatism" or "explanatioriness" of published trials. This simpler method of scoring should be encouraged for retrospective use of PRECIS-2 in systematic reviews.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,585 | 0,853 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,006 | 0,008 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,013 | 0,016 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,009 |
| Science ouverte | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; l’étiquette directe de Gemma et le classifieur distillé Codex s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».