Assessment of Water Quality Impacts from Tharthar and Habbaniyah Lakes Canals on the Euphrates River Using HWQI and HMPI, Western Iraq
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In recent years, Iraqi lands have been suffering from a severe water crisis due to extreme climate changes, including high temperatures and low rainfall, as well as poor water quality resulting from high concentrations of pollutants.Therefore, there is a need to preserve and sustain water resources, the current study aimed to influence the waters of Tharthar and Habbaniyah lakes on the quality of the Euphrates River water near the city of Al-Khalidiyah (Anbar Governorate) by employing a group of physical and chemical factors and heavy metals through mathematical indicators to determine the quality of water, namely the Horton's Water Quality Index (HWQI) and the heavy metal pollution index (HMPI).Four sites were selected in the study area: Site 1 was at the Euphrates River (before the mixing zone), Site 2 was selected at the Habbaniyah Canal, Site 3 was selected at the Tharthar Canal, and Site 4 was selected at the Euphrates River after the mixing zone, for the period from July 2023 to March 2024.14 environmental factors were examined, including: pH, Alkalinity, EC, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Hardness, Ca, Mg, DO, BOD5, NO3, PO4, SO4, most of which exceeded the Iraqi standard limits except for the following factors: pH, EC, TSS, DO, NO3, while four heavy elements were examined: Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, all of whose concentrations were within the Iraqi standard limits.The results of the concentrations of physical and chemical factors and heavy metals were consistent with the results of the HWQI and the HMPI, where the lowest rate of the HWQI was recorded at 74.5 in the Tharthar Canal, where the water quality was described as good, while the highest rate was recorded at 142 in the Euphrates River (site 1), where the water quality was described as poor, compared to Site 4 (Mixing Area), which scored 73.5 (Good).The highest HMPI was recorded at 6.323 in Habbaniyah Canal, while the lowest was 0.921 in the Euphrates River (site 1), compared to Site 4 (Mixing Area) which scored 2.872.The results of the current study showed that the quality of the Tharthar Canal water, which is affected by the dilution of its water from the Al-Halwa Canal, which flows into it, has a positive effect on improving the quality of the Euphrates River water.Conversely, the Habbaniyah Canal water harms the quality of the Euphrates River water in the current study area.Due to the lack of application of HWQI and HMPI water quality indices in the current study area, these indices were applied, as water quality indices are the backbone of integrated water quality management, through which abstract concepts of quality are transformed into understandable data that can be measured and analyzed, which enables decision makers to identify problems and evaluate and protect aquatic ecosystems effectively and sustainable.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».