The health, environmental, and cost implications of providing healthy and sustainable school meals for every child by 2030: a global modelling study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: School meal programmes are thought to improve dietary behaviour in children, with benefits sustained throughout the life course, making them important catalysts for wider food-system change. However, only one in five children globally currently receives school meals. We estimated the potential effects of extending school meal coverage to all children by 2030 for dietary health; the environmental effects related to diets; and the costs of diets at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS: We conducted health, environmental, and cost assessments of future scenarios of school meal coverage, meal frequency, meal composition, and food wastage. In the health assessment, we used statistical methods and a comparative risk assessment to estimate short-term changes in undernourishment and long-term changes in dietary risks and mortality. In the environmental assessment, we used food-related environmental footprints to analyse how changes in dietary composition and food waste affect greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and freshwater use. In the cost assessment, we used an international dataset of food prices to estimate changes in diet costs, and we used estimates of the social cost of carbon and the costs of illness to estimate changes in the costs of climate-change damages and in health-related costs. FINDINGS: Extending school meal programmes to all children globally by 2030 could be associated with substantial health and environmental benefits globally and in each country. In the model assessments, the prevalence of undernourishment in food-insecure populations was reduced by a quarter due to having an additional meal at school; more than 1 million cases of non-communicable diseases were prevented globally per year if dietary habits were partly sustained into adulthood; and food-related environmental effects were halved if meal composition adhered to recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets and food waste was reduced. Increasing school meal coverage incurred additional meal-related costs that ranged from 0·1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in high-income countries to 1·0% of GDP in low-income countries. Reductions in the external costs of climate-change damages and the costs of illness compensated for the costs of providing meals in line with health and sustainable diets. INTERPRETATION: Universal school meal coverage could make important contributions to improving children's health, the food security of their families, and the sustainability of food systems. However, dedicated policy and financial support will be required to close the gap in school meal coverage, especially in low-income countries. FUNDING: Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».