Diverse bacteriohemerythrin genes of <i>Methylomonas denitrificans</i> FJG1 provide insight into the survival and activity of methanotrophs in low oxygen ecosystems
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Résumé
ABSTRACT Proteobacterial methanotrophs are dependent on the oxidation of methane for ATP production and assimilation of carbon into biomass. Interestingly, some types of gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs thrive in oxygen-depleted zones of lakes and other aquatic ecosystems despite their reliance on oxygen to support methane oxidation. The model gammaproteobacterial methanotroph, Methylomonas denitrificans FJG1, oxidizes methane coupled to nitrate reduction under hypoxia and highly upregulates its expression of bacteriohemerythrin (Bhr). Bhr is a homolog of eukaryotic hemerythrin, which is a protein associated with oxygen binding. Ten bhr homologs were identified in the genome of M. denitrificans FJG1, requiring phylogenetic and gene expression analyses to pinpoint which homolog is likely responsible for delivering oxygen to support methane oxidation under low oxygen conditions. This study examined the prevalence and phylogeny of the 10 bhr homologs from M. denitrificans FJG1 in the genomes of other methanotrophs and across the Bacteria. The homolog denoted “ bhr- 00” was specific to methanotroph genomes, was highly expressed in M. denitrificans FJG1 under hypoxia, and its predicted structure was nearly identical to a purified oxygen-scavenging hemerythrin protein from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. Other bhr homologs upregulated from denitrifying cultures of M. denitrificans FJG1 included those with gene neighborhoods related to oxygen sensing, denitrification, and chemotaxis. Together, this study uncovered potential multifunctional roles of bacteriohemerythrin genes of M. denitrificans FJG1 under low oxygen conditions and identified the bhr homolog that most likely enables and supports oxygen delivery to methane monooxygenase enzymes in anoxic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Aerobic gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs can survive and grow in anoxic lakes, but mechanisms that provide them with oxygen to support methane oxidation remain uncharacterized. Methylomonas denitrificans FJG1 encodes 10 copies of bacteriohemerthyrin ( bhr ), of which seven are expressed at the mRNA level under low oxygen conditions. Comparing the 10 bhr homologs from M. denitrificans FJG1 with those from other methanotrophs and bacterial genomes shows that two are specific to methanotrophs. Gene neighborhoods surrounding conserved bhr genes in methanotrophs suggest a range of potential functions, including oxygen respiration, oxygen sensing, chemotaxis, and nitrate reduction. The results from this study illuminate a previously undescribed diversity of structures and potential functions of bhr homologs in M. denitrificans FJG1 and related methanotrophic bacteria. The results pinpoint a methanotroph-specific homolog, bhr -00, that is likely responsible for oxygen binding and delivery to methane monooxygenase enzymes to promote methane oxidation in low oxygen ecosystems.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle