Bactericidal Efficacy of Ultraviolet-C Light on Virtual Reality Devices: In Vitro Assessment of Bacterial Killing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Virtual reality (VR) headsets are increasingly used in health care settings for a variety of clinical indications, yet processes to ensure safe use between patients are not well-established. Centers vary in how these processes are performed. Most use disinfection wipes that require manual contact with VR devices for a specified dwell time to allow for sufficient pathogen killing, which may introduce manual error and device degradation over time. Ultraviolet-C light (UV-C) devices offer a no-touch, low-cost, and passive method to achieve pathogen killing without the harms of chemical contact-based disinfectants. The use of UV-C for disinfection has been studied for some medical devices but its efficacy for microbe killing on VR headsets is not well-established. Objective: This study aims to determine the bactericidal efficacy of UV-C on VR headsets through quantifying UV-C irradiance and bacterial killing of 3 commercially available UV-C devices. Methods: Three commercially available, low-cost UV-C devices were tested for UV-C energy output at multiple positions, angles, and times across the devices' zone of disinfection. The top and lens of a VR headset, the Meta Oculus Quest 2, were artificially inoculated with high quantities of 3 different strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and subjected to UV-C light according to each device's manufacturer's instructions for use. The primary outcome was the amount of bacterial killing after exposure to UV-C light. Results: All 3 UV-C devices produced a UV-C dose that ranged from 3.57 to 195.37 mJ/cm2, depending on proximity, angle, irradiance, and time the sensor received. At least 3-log10 killing of all 3 strains of bacteria was achieved for each of the tested UV-C devices; however, there was variability by organism with respect to UV-C device and VR headset location within the device, notably with the proximity of the bacteria to the bulb. S aureus and P aeruginosa were more readily killed than S epidermidis, with increased bacterial killing occurring with increased UV-C exposure doses. There was no experiment in which all bacteria were killed. Conclusions: UV-C dosage increased with exposure irradiance, time, proximity, and angle to the bulb for all 3 UV-C devices. Bacterial killing on the top and lens of a VR headset occurred in all 3 UV-C devices when run according to their manufacturer's instructions for use, although full bacterial killing did not occur in any experiment. UV-C may be an effective method for microbial killing on VR equipment with low-level contamination.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».