B-276 Excretion of codeine in human fingerprint sweat and pharmacokinetics following controlled oral codeine administration
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background The detection of prescription and/or recreational drugs is important to ensure workplace safety, to enforce judicial actions, and to monitor detoxification. Drugs and drug metabolites are expressed in blood, urine, and oral fluid such that those specimens can be used to detect recent drug use. These specimen matrices offer varying degrees of privacy and invasiveness to the subject. In addition, the ease-of-use in workplace settings varies in terms of convenience, infrastructure requirements, and procedural controls. Sweat patches have been proposed to provide a record of an individual’s drug use, but these typically are worn for one week or longer. Analysis of fingerprint sweat offers a more convenient method of drug detection. This study assessed the comparative profiling of codeine in human fingerprint sweat following controlled codeine administration under naltrexone blockade in the clinic. Methods Thirty-nine healthy adults, including male and non-pregnant female subjects, completed a clinical trial under an ethics board-approved protocol. Each subject received three 60 mg codeine phosphate doses, with four hours between doses. To prevent any opioid effects, each subject received three 50 mg doses of naltrexone hydrochloride: 12 hours, one hour prior, and 12 hours after the first codeine phosphate administration. Fingerprint sweat, blood, and oral fluid specimens were collected at eighteen time points per subject for codeine analysis, beginning at 90 minutes prior to the first codeine phosphate dosage, with the final collection point at 24 hours after the initial codeine dosage. Specimens were collected in order of fingerprint sweat, oral fluid, and blood. Urine specimens were collected ad libitum. Codeine in fingerprint sweat, whole blood, oral fluid, and urine was determined using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis with PKanalix version 2023R1, Lixoft SAS, a Simulations Plus company. Results Codeine in fingerprint sweat and oral fluid follows the trend seen in whole blood, most notably in response to the three doses of 60 mg codeine phosphate administered at 0, 4, and 8 hours. The concentration versus time profile of codeine in whole blood and fingerprint sweat shows that codeine was first detected in blood and fingerprint within approximately 30 minutes after oral administration of codeine. The calculated Tmax (with standard error) for the first codeine dosage in whole blood, fingerprint sweat, oral fluid, and urine are 1.96 (0.74), 2.08 (0.88), 1.73 (0.85), and 2.20 (1.17) hours, respectively. PK parameters for the excretion of codeine in the terminal phase of the study also compared favorably. Furthermore, PK parameters for this study show broad agreement with published results for blood and oral fluid. Conclusion The time course of mean codeine in fingerprint sweat follows the same response profile as for mean codeine in whole blood and oral fluid. PK parameters computed for codeine in fingerprint sweat, whole blood, oral fluid and urine show broad agreement and statistical agreement for Tmax during the first four hours following oral ingestion of 60 mg codeine, and for T1/2 during the terminal phase of the study following the third dose of codeine.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».