128 The Effect of natural product treatments on the hepatic metabolism of androstenone in boars.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors that modulate the hepatic metabolism of endogenous compounds, including androstenone, a testicular steroid produced by intact male pigs. Inefficient metabolism of androstenone contributes to its accumulation in adipose tissue, which promotes the development of boar taint, a meat quality issue characterized by off-odours and off-flavours in some heated pork products. Natural products (NPs) found in plants and herbal medicines act as ligands for PXR, CAR, and FXR in humans and may increase the hepatic metabolism of androstenone in boars. Therefore, this study examined the effects of several NPs, including hyperforin (HYP; PXR agonist), diallyl sulfide (DAS; CAR agonist), oleanolic acid (OA; FXR modulator), ginkgolide A (GINK; PXR and CAR agonist), and (Z)-guggulsterone (GUG; PXR agonist, CAR inverse agonist, FXR antagonist) on androstenone metabolism in porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of 5-month-old crossbred [(Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc] boars (n=8) and incubated for 24 hours with NP treatments or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control. Cells were then treated with androstenone for 3 hours, after which culture media was collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of androstenone metabolism and metabolite production. Hepatocytes were also harvested to assess gene expression via RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA in SAS, with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05, and the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied to control for multiple comparisons. Relative to the DMSO control, NP treatments significantly altered the expression of key genes involved in hepatic androstenone metabolism. UGT1A6 was upregulated by GINK (p=0.05) and GUG (p=0.04) and downregulated by OA (p=0.004), while FXR expression increased with OA (p=0.02). NR2F1 was downregulated by DAS (p=0.03), GINK (p=0.03), and GUG (p=0.02), HNF4A by OA (p=0.008), and PGC1α by DAS (p=0.03) and GUG (p=0.05). NP treatments had minimal effects on overall androstenone metabolism relative to DMSO; however, treatment responses varied among individual boars. Relative to DMSO, DAS increased overall androstenone metabolism in 75% of boars, GINK, GUG, and HYP in 63%, and OA in 50%. Among positive responders, overall androstenone metabolism was significantly increased by DAS (p=0.04) and GUG (p=0.05). Additionally, DAS increased the production of Phase I androstenol metabolites (p=0.0008). These results suggest that DAS and GUG may be promising dietary treatments for boar taint but highlight the need to assess treatment responses on an individual basis. Future research should include in vivo feeding trials to evaluate the efficacy of these NPs and identify biomarkers associated with positive treatment outcomes to allow for their targeted and effective application to reduce boar taint.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».