77 Utilizing porcine hepatocyte cultures to test the effect of short chain fatty acids on skatole metabolism and assess sex-dependent differences between boars and barrows.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Boar taint is a multifactorial issue, resulting from the accumulation of androstenone and skatole in the backfat of entire male pigs. Fermentable carbohydrates in finishing feed for boars have been shown to decrease the skatole present in the carcass and the free androstenone present in the plasma at the time of slaughter. We have previously shown that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate, and propionate can directly increase the metabolism of androstenone in isolated hepatocytes. However, the effect of SCFAs on skatole metabolism and gene expression is not known. Similarly, it is unclear how sex steroids influence the effect of SCFA treatments, as sex steroids affect hepatic metabolism of boar taint compounds. The objective of this trial was to examine the direct effects of SCFAs on skatole metabolism and to compare metabolism between boars and barrows to assess sex-dependent effects. Hepatocytes were isolated from 7 boars and 6 barrows (all 3-way commercial cross) using a collagenase treatment. Cells were plated and incubated with various combinations of acetate (900µM), butyrate (160µM), and propionate (300µM) overnight. Cells were then incubated with media containing skatole to assess how SCFAs affect metabolism in boars and barrows. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR and skatole metabolism and metabolite production was quantified by HPLC analysis of culture media. Skatole metabolism was compared using a One-Way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s adjustment for multiple comparisons to a control while comparisons between boars and barrows were made using a Two-Way ANOVA with a Tukey’s Adjustment for multiple comparisons Acetate had the most significant effect on skatole metabolism in boars, increasing overall skatole metabolism by 22.23±5.84% (p< 0.0001) as well as the production of HMOI (40.13±6.32%, p< 0.0001), 3MOI (21.50±3.97%, p< 0.0001), and 6-OH-3MI glucuronide (18.55±6.62%, p=0.0222) relative to the control. SCFAs did not affect skatole metabolism in barrows. Additionally, overall skatole metabolism was similar between boars and barrows, but barrows had higher metabolism in untreated control hepatocytes compared to boars. Expression of CYB5A (p< 0.0001), CYP2E1 (p=0.0014), CYP2C33 (p= 0.0242), CYP2C49 (p=0.0339), FXR (p=0.0112), AKR1C1 (p=0.001), PGC1a (p=0.0015), and UGT2A1 (p=0.0275) was increased by a combination of all 3 SCFAs in barrows. Treatment with propionate in combination with other SCFAs in hepatocytes isolated from boars significantly increased the expression of CYB5A (p=0.0003), while treatment with acetate and butyrate significantly increased CYP2E1 (p=0.0335) expression. These results demonstrate that SCFAs directly influence the metabolism of skatole in the liver by increasing the expression of key genes involved in boar taint metabolism and that these effects differ between boars and barrows, suggesting that sex steroids play an important role in mediating SCFA effects on skatole metabolism.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».