Early pandemic HIV-1 integration site preferences differ across anatomical sites
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
HIV-1 persists in the body even when treatment suppresses viral replication. This persistence is due in part to the virus integrating into the DNA of infected cells. While it is known that HIV-1 can integrate into many different tissues, it remains unclear whether integration patterns differ across anatomical sites. This study investigated how the location and characteristics of HIV-1 integration sites vary across distinct tissues in people living with HIV-1 subtype B during the early years of the pandemic, before modern treatment was widely available. Integration site data were obtained from matched samples from the esophagus, blood, stomach, duodenum, and colon, and from unmatched brain tissue. We evaluated how frequently the virus integrated near different genomic features, including gene regions, repetitive elements, and predicted DNA structures, and compared integration patterns across tissues and individuals. We show that integration site patterns differ by tissue. In brain tissue, HIV integrates less frequently into genes and more frequently into specific repetitive elements and accessible regions of DNA. We also find that integration near unusual DNA shapes varies by tissue, and that certain integration hotspots are shared while others are unique. Genes involved in HIV-1-related diseases are frequently targeted across tissues. This study reveals that HIV-1 integration patterns are shaped by the tissue environment. These findings suggest that the long-term persistence of HIV-1 depends in part on tissue-specific integration site features, with potential implications for disease risk and treatment strategies. Kohio et al. map HIV-1 integration sites across multiple tissues from early infections. The results identify brain-specific patterns and tissue-dependent preferences that may influence HIV persistence and disease risk. HIV can stay in the body for life by hiding inside the DNA of infected cells. This makes it hard to completely remove the virus, even with strong treatment. In this study, researchers explored whether HIV hides in different ways depending on where in the body the infected cells are found. They examined tissues from several parts of the body from people living with HIV before modern treatments were available. The study found that HIV inserts its genetic material in different spots depending on the tissue. For example, in the brain, the virus avoids genes and hides in less active parts of the DNA. These findings may help scientists understand why HIV acts differently in different areas of the body, which could improve future treatments.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».