Case Studies of 180 Water Disposal Fall-Off Tests in Alberta, Canada - Engineering Insights of Induced Seismicity
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract 180 case studies of water disposal fall-off tests are presented that provide permeability, reservoir pressure and identification of boundaries such as faults. Induced seismicity refers to earthquakes that are attributed to human activities. Critically stressed faults in the subsurface may be activated by fluid disposal operations. Changes in reservoir pressure and stress caused by fluid disposal operations may allow critically stressed faults to slip and generate seismicity. Results are provided which allow engineering insights extraction. The newly developed approach is based on pressure transient analysis (PTA) analyzing submitted high frequency, and high-resolution shut-in data. The data is captured during well-dedicated test operations such as fall-off tests or during routine operational shut-ins. The pressure response from these shut-ins can be used to provide information about the reservoir within the radius of investigation for radial flow or the area of investigation for more complex geometries. A numerical method description is provided for several case studies. Complete governing equations are provided, and the method is described in detail to permit readers to replicate all results The engineering information and results extracted from the water disposal fall-off tests are visualized in a data-analytics-based dashboard with the intent of locating information geospatially related to induced seismicity / earthquakes in Alberta, Canada. Arrival-times of P-primary and S-secondary waves at seismicity stations are utilized to estimate the location of earthquakes. The most significant new finding is that year over year monitored reservoir pressure trends can be visualized and linked to wellbore and earthquake locations with advantage of locating boundaries such as faults. In addition, recommendations to upgrade regulator data intake and update regulatory instruments such as directives and manuals will allow the regulator to act quickly and swiftly when needed. This is important because, much of the time, fault activation will not be perceptible on the surface. Induced seismicity protocols and disposal scheme engineering-related conditions are intended to limit the magnitude and frequency of induced earthquakes from fluid disposal operations The novelty of the newly developed approach is for industry to extract engineering insights from more than hundreds case studies, compare with their databases to react accordingly and for the regulator to improve the regulator's ability to mitigate water disposal induced seismicity related operations in a timely and science-based or technical manner by synchronizing location and engineering data.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».