Using Virtual Reality to Assess Spatial Navigation Ability in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Spatial navigation impairment is prevalent in people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and may appear in its initial clinical stage. Detecting this deficit in people at risk may not only help prevent them from getting lost or going missing but also provide a useful clinical aid to accurate diagnosis. Traditional assessments for spatial navigation impairment include questionnaires, paper-and-pencil and maze tests, or video games. While a real-world setting is more valid, direct, and accurate, it is plagued by unpredictable conditions such as weather, obstacles, or accidents. Owing to modern technology, virtual reality (VR) offers a new way to test spatial navigation impairment. Objective: The aims of this study were to test the feasibility of a VR setting to assess sense of location in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the power of VR to discriminate among groups with different clinical conditions. Methods: We used the Pai-Jan virtual reality (PJVR) device to test spatial navigation ability in those who were cognitively unimpaired (CU) and those who experienced subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and MCI. The PJVR device is the VR version (VIVE Pro Eye head-mounted display) of the Pai-Jan device, which has demonstrated its power to discriminate among CU, AD MCI, and mild AD dementia. With a map provided and using joysticks or handles, participants were asked to reach 5 points on a 660-m path. Linear deviation (LD; in meters) from each target point and vector deviation (in degrees) from the direction to the start point at each location were treated as the variables for comparison. Results: A total of 113 participants provided informed consent to initiate the study. Of these 113 participants, 93 (82.3%) completed the trials, including 22 (24%) who were CU, 39 (42%) with SCD, and 32 (34%) with MCI. In total, 17.7% (20/113) failed the trials due to cybersickness. The mean LD of the CU, SCD, and MCI groups was 38.2 (SD 39.5), 50.4 (SD 40.7), and 100.4 (SD 46.2) meters, respectively (P<.001). The MCI group showed greater vector deviation (mean 63.2, SD 42.4 degrees) than either the SCD (mean 39.4, SD 33.0 degrees) or CU (mean 38.6, SD 37.4 degrees; P=.02) group. The LD of the PJVR device was correlated with the total scores on the caregiver version of the Questionnaire on Everyday Navigational Ability (P<.001), indicating good ecological validity. Conclusions: The PJVR device is feasible for older adults and participants with MCI. It can detect spatial navigation deficits related to AD pathology, and the results show a close correlation with real-world navigation ability.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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