1Prologue

On October 27, 2018, during a tranquil Shabbat service in the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a lone gunman, Robert Gregory Bowers, killed eleven Jews and wounded others; some of the victims had survived the Holocaust.This horrific incident, one of the deadliest anti-Semitic attacks in America, caused a seismic shock nationally and internationally.It was, however, only the tip of the proverbial iceberg.Other attacks followed, especially tragically on October 7, 2023, when Hamas terrorists killed approximately 1,200 Israelis in the worst assault on Jews since the Holocaust.The Anti-Defamation League, which tracks anti-Semitic occurrences in the United States, reported 3,697 anti-Semitic incidents in 2022, a rise of 36% from the prior year.The Southern Poverty Law Center documented 1,430 hate and extremist groups in the United States for the following year.Acts of hatred, bias, persecution and oppression, often of an anti-Semitic nature, are hardly new.With the terrorist attack by Hamas on Israel, anti-Semitic outbreaks have seriously increased across the globe.In September 2024, an ISIS-inspired terrorist, Pakistani national Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, 20, attempted to travel to New York City across the Canadian border to massacre as many Jews as possible on October 7, the anniversary of the Hamas attack as well as the most solemn of Jewish holy days, Yom Kippur.Fortunately, his plans were foiled by American and Canadian authorities.On early New Years Day 2025, an Army veteran who served in Afghanistan, also ISIS-inspired, deliberately drove his truck through crowds in the French Quarter of New Orleans, killing at least 15 people and injuring 40 others.Hate crimes such as these have become a harsh reality.One can trace the phenomenon of anti-Semitism from biblical times, from the exile of Jews in Egypt in the Book of Exodus to polemical dialogues in the Gospels of Matthew and John, through the Middle Ages, especially in Nuremberg, to the Third Reich's plan to exterminate all European Jews through to today's current manifestations.The present surge in anti-Semitic rhetoric and violence have inspired this work, which is focused on the role of visual imagery and its propagandistic power, manifest in recent years in myriads of social media postings propagating hate.We will see how the central figure of our study, Hitler's disciple and propagandist Julius Streicher (1895-1946), peered through the lens of biblical and medieval history (both sacred and secular), as well as then-current and local events, to put on display in his writings, publications and speeches graphic images of Jews which then polluted the minds of Germans.He put into visual and printed form the anti-Semitic Zeitgeisst that dominated many of the socio-political

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