Preference for and acceptability of a fat-microencapsulated anionic salt by dry dairy cows
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the preference for, and acceptability of, a novel, fat-microencapsulated anionic salt by nonlactating dairy cows and (2) whether these responses were influenced by cow personality. Twenty-four pregnant Holstein dairy cows (parity at dry-off: median = 2; range = 1- 5) were enrolled at dry-off (56 d to calving), in cohorts of 6, and housed in a tiestall facility. After adapting to a base dry cow diet for 14 d, cows were exposed to each of 2 treatment diets in a crossover design (with 7-d periods): (1) base dry cow diet with added fat-microencapsulated anionic salt (ANIC) at 0.30 kg/cow/d DM (providing -2,544 mEq/d at that dosage; formulated DCAD = -101.5 mEq/kg of expected DMI), or (2) base dry cow diet with fat placebo (PLCB) at 0.15 kg/cow per day DM (formulated DCAD = +64 mEq/kg of expected DMI). Following the crossover design, cows were offered both diets simultaneously in a 3-d preference test; feed was offered in a split bunk, in large enough quantities to ensure ad libitum daily access to both diets. Following the preference test cows were assessed for personality traits using a combined arena test comprised 3 parts: a novel arena test, a novel object test, and a novel human test. Dry matter intake was calculated for each day, and urine pH was measured 2×/wk for every cow throughout the study. When cows consumed the ANIC diet, they had lower urine pH values than when on the PLCB diet (7.6 vs. 8.2). No difference in DMI was detected between the ANIC and PLCB diets (19.3 vs. 19.5 kg/d DM). During the preference phase, cows chose to eat a similar proportion of their total daily DMI for the ANIC and PLCB diets (48.6% vs. 51.4% of total DMI). Cows sorted against long particles of the PLCB diet and against fine particles of both diets during the acceptability phase. During the preference test, cows sorted against the longest ration particles of the PLCB diet. Principal component analysis of the behaviors recorded during the personality assessment revealed 2 factors interpreted as personality traits, "active" and "bold." Less bold cows consumed a higher portion of the ANIC diet during the preference test. Less active cows sorted more for the medium particles of both diets, whereas more active cows sorted more for the short particles of both diets during the preference test. Overall, the results demonstrate that dry cows showed no preference between a TMR containing a fat-microencapsulated anionic salt or a fat placebo, and demonstrated similar acceptability of both diets. Further, feed sorting and diet preference were influenced by cow personality.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».