Large Language Model Versus Manual Review for Clinical Data Curation in Breast Cancer: Retrospective Comparative Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Manual review of electronic health records for clinical research is labor-intensive and prone to reviewer-dependent variations. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automated clinical data extraction; however, their feasibility in surgical oncology remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of LLM-based processing compared with manual physician review for extracting clinical data from breast cancer records. Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparative study analyzing breast cancer records from 5 academic hospitals (January 2019-December 2019). Two data extraction pathways were compared: (1) manual physician review with direct electronic health record access (group 1: 1366/3100, 44.06%) and (2) LLM-based processing using Claude 3.5 Sonnet (Anthropic) on deidentified data automatically extracted through a clinical data warehouse platform (group 2: 1734/3100, 55.94%). The automated extraction system provided prestructured, deidentified data sheets organized by clinical domains, which were then processed by the LLM. The LLM prompt was developed through a 3-phase iterative process over 2 days. Primary outcomes included missing value rates, extraction accuracy, and concordance between groups. Secondary outcomes included comparison with the Korean Breast Cancer Society national registry data, processing time, and resource use. Validation involved 50 stratified random samples per group (900 data points each), assessed by 4 breast surgical oncologists. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, 2-tailed t tests, Cohen κ, and intraclass correlation coefficients. The accuracy threshold was set at 90%. Results: The LLM achieved 90.8% (817) accuracy in validation analysis. Missing data patterns differed between groups: group 2 showed better lymph node documentation (missing: 152/1734, 8.76% vs 294/1366, 21.52%) but higher missing rates for cancer staging (211/1734, 12.17% vs 43/1366, 3.15%). Both groups demonstrated similar breast-conserving surgery rates (1107/1734, 63.84% vs 868/1366, 63.54%). Processing efficiency differed substantially: LLM processing required 12 days with 2 physicians versus 7 months with 5 physicians for manual review, representing a 91% reduction in physician hours (96 h vs 1025 h). The LLM group captured significantly more survival events (41 vs 11; P=.002). Stage distribution in the LLM group aligned better with national registry data (Cramér V=0.03 vs 0.07). Application programming interface costs totaled US $260 for 1734 cases (US $0.15 per case). Conclusions: LLM-based curation of automatically extracted, deidentified clinical data demonstrated comparable effectiveness to manual physician review while reducing processing time by 95% and physician hours by 91%. This 2-step approach-automated data extraction followed by LLM curation-addresses both privacy concerns and efficiency needs. Despite limitations in integrating multiple clinical events, this methodology offers a scalable solution for clinical data extraction in oncology research. The 90.8% accuracy rate and superior capture of survival events suggest that combining automated data extraction systems with LLM processing can accelerate retrospective clinical research while maintaining data quality and patient privacy.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,034 | 0,085 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».