Effects of dietary fungal lysozyme levels on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical profile, and microbiota interaction in growing pigs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Understanding the response to enzyme supplementation on body composition and nutrient balance creates the potential to increase nutrient utilization efficiency and, consequently, maximize growth performance in growing pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fungal lysozyme supplementation on body composition and nutrient balance in growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows [(40.6 kg ± 2.6; (Yorkshire × Landrace ♀) × Duroc ♂)] were used in this experiment. Pigs were distributed in a completely randomized design with 12 replicates within six treatments (0, 16, 32, 48, 64, and 80 mg of lysozyme/kg of diet). Pigs were group-housed in the same pen, and each pig was equipped with a transponder that enabled feeders to record individual feed intake and dispense feed according to the assigned treatment. Growth performance was evaluated through average daily feed intake (ADFI, kg/d), average daily gain (ADG, kg/d), gain-to-feed ratio (G: F, kg/kg) over 21 days. Body composition, nutrient balance and metabolic changes were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum sampling. At the end of the experiment, samples of the digesta in the jejunum and cecum, as well as tissue from the jejunum, cecum, and liver, were taken for microbiota analysis and gene expression, respectively. Differences among treatments were analyzed using polynomial contrasts, and adjusted means were obtained with R. Optimal inclusion level was determined by non-linear models' analysis. The ADFI decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), while the body weight (BW), ADG, and G: F increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) as the level of lysozyme in the diet increased. Increased urea and protein deposition and nitrogen -utilization efficiency were observed (P ≤ 0.05). Changes in the gut ecology included decreases in Gram-positive bacteria and inflammatory gene targets. The largest changes were observed in the cecum and were supported by gene expression in the liver. Based on the results of this experiment, the ideal lysozyme inclusion level for growing pigs is 60 mg/kg based on G: F, and 48 mg/kg based on ADG and evenness in jejunum digesta. Thus, dietary lysozyme supplementation improves pig growth performance, likely through immune response modulation initiated in the gastrointestinal tract due to minor changes in microbiota along with decreased expression of genes such as NF-kB1 and TLR2. This likely improved protein metabolism where increases in lysozyme supplementation enhanced nitrogen and amino acid utilization efficiency. Although the ideal dose for lysozyme supplementation will depend on the stage of production and the economic gain achieved from increasing enzyme supplementation, the results of this study support fungal lysozyme supplementation in growing pigs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».