N.M. Sokolov: Teacher-wordsmith, scholar-methodologist

The article marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of N.M. Sokolov – a prominent methodologist of the first quarter of the 20th century. The purpose of the article is not only to present a biographical and methodological portrait of the scholar, to highlight the key ideas of his methodological system, but also to actualize the potential of his scientific achievements in the focus of modernity. The article provides basic biographical information about N.M. Sokolov and highlights three stages of actualization of his ideas. The first stage is associated with issuing the first monographic scientific research into the activities of N.M. Sokolov, carried out by L.I. Saltykova in 1985 under the supervision of Z.Ya. Rez; the second – with the candidate’s dissertation of T.E. Benkovskaya’s, dedicated to the development of methods of teaching literature in the 1900–1940s in which a significant place is given to comprehending the special place N.M. Sokolov had in the 1920s methodology, with the textbook on literature edited by A.G. Kutuzov and issuing a number of anthologies and publications that covered the activities and works of the scholar (1990s); the third – with the creation of a system of creative works at the turn of the century, reflected in the textbook edited by V.G. Marantsman. Referring to the ideas of N.M. Sokolov, the authors pay special attention to the visual aid principle, which runs through many of the methodologist’s works and is closely connected with the methodology of studying a literary work based on the phases of the reader’s perception. The article provides examples from N.M. Sokolov’s main books “Oral and Written Word of Students” (1927) and “Studying Literary Works at School” (1928). The authors note the negative tendencies of transformation of the visual aid principle in modern school practice and raise questions about ways to overcome them. In conclusion of the analysis of the works, the authors set tasks of a scientific and historical-cultural nature, propose current research topics directly related to the ideas of the St. Petersburg scholarmethodologist.

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