First Report of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus-3 Infecting <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Grape in Alabama
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is considered the most predominant cause of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), one of the most destructive viral diseases affecting grapevines and wine production worldwide (Maree et al. 2013). GLRaV-3 is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus in the family Closteroviridae, genus Ampelovirus, species tritis (Martelli et al., 2012; Maree et al., 2013). Grape plants (cultivar ‘Errante Noir’) were planted at the Chilton Research and Extension Center (CREC), Chilton County, Alabama, in the spring of 2024. In November 2024, a plant exhibited symptoms of dark-purplish red veins with cupping of the leaf margins, and in July 2025, symptoms of reddish-brown blotches randomly distributed on the foliage appeared (Supplemental Figure 1: A: I-II). To investigate if a pathogen caused this, a sample was sent to Agdia, Inc. (Elkhart, IN, USA), where tissues were subjected to a pathogen screen, including alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Phytophthora (Phyt), peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV), strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), GLRaV-3, grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV), grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV), and Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). The sample tested negative for all except for GLRaV-3. To confirm GLRaV-3, RT-PCR was used. Total RNA was extracted from 0.1 g petiole tissue from three subsamples using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), producing three separate RNA samples. The cDNA was synthesized using SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen), and Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen) was used to amplify the heat shock protein (HSP70) and the coat protein (CP) using specific primers (Thompson et al. 2019). PCR products were checked on the TapeStation using the D1000 ScreenTape kit (Agilent), and amplicons corresponding to 600 bp (HSP70) and 280 bp (CP) were detected (Supplemental Figure 1: B). Sanger sequencing was conducted at Azenta Life Sciences in both directions. The manufacturer’s instructions were followed in all used kits. Sequences were analyzed using BLASTn (Altschul et al. 1990) to confirm that all three sequences from each gene match GLRaV-3. Sequences were submitted to GenBank (accessions: PX123059-64), and an isolate name was given (GLRaV-3_Chilton-AL.1.1-3). The closest BLAST hit is GLRav3-8415B (KY073324.1) with 100% (HSP70), 98.24% (CP) nucleotide similarities (Supplemental Table 1). The CP sequences of GLRaV-3_Chilton-AL.1.1-3 were compared to 139 isolates of GLRaV-3 from GenBank (Supplemental Table 1) to construct a maximum likelihood tree using methods described by Shehata et al. (2025), with a modification where IQ-TREE was used to construct the tree with 1000 replicates (Nguyen et al. 2015). This tree indicated that GLRaV-3_Chilton-AL.1.1-3 is within group XII, with two isolates from Canada (Supplemental Figure 1: C). Other grape plants planted along with the infected plant at the Chilton Co. site (n=15) were also tested for GLRaV-3 as described above, and all tested negative. This constitutes the first report of GLRaV-3 in Alabama, highlighting the importance of purchasing clean material to prevent introduction of the disease in vineyards, a crop with a total impact of $1.5 billion in Alabama (Good, T. 2023).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».