First Report of Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum fioriniae</i> on Flowering Dogwood ( <i>Cornus florida</i> ) in the Southeastern United States
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) is an important understory tree native to south and east pine and deciduous forest ecosystems of the United States and Canada (Jenkins & White et al. 2002). This tree species has important cultural values associated with its use by Native Americans in natural remedies from bark and root extracts, dyes and arrow shafts (Elbert et al. 1980; King et al. 2003), and a popular ornamental landscape tree planted in the southern and eastern United States. Studies have reported localized decline of dogwood populations due to the introduction of the fungus Discula destructiva Redlin, the causal agent of dogwood anthracnose in the eastern United States (Oswalt et al. 2012; Daughtrey et al. 1996). During May 2024, dogwood trees showing branch dieback and irregular necrotic spots (> 30% disease severity) on foliage were found on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana (31.16912° N, -92.65568° W). Symptomatic leaf tissue sections (4 mm2) from collected samples were surface disinfected with 70% ethanol and 10% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with sterile-distilled water. Tissue sections were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for four days. A species of Colletotrichum was consistently isolated and identified based on conidia morphology. DNA analysis was performed for species identification through PCR amplifications of two loci, the rDNA Internal Transcribed Region (ITS) using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and partial sequence of the gene encoding actin (ACT) using primers ACT-512F/ACT-783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999). Both ITS and ACT sequences of the Colletotrichum species isolate DW13 (GenBank Accession nos. PV854696.1 and PX441942.1) showed 100% and 99.5% homology to the Colletotrichum fioriniae isolates (GenBank accession nos. MN684842.1 and PV541637.1) respectively. The pathogenicity of C. fioriniae was tested on healthy, one-year-old dogwood trees planted in three-gallon pots kept in an incubation room at 25°C. The saplings were inoculated by placing two mycelial disks (4 mm2) of a C. fioriniae isolate on one non-wounded and one scalpel-tip wounded disinfected leaves. Four individual saplings were inoculated as replicates. Pure agar disks were used as control treatment using the same methods. Initial symptoms observed five days post-inoculation showed a necrotic annular ring around the point of inoculation which is typical of Colletotrichum infection. Symptoms were observed in all four replicates and caused premature fall of inoculated leaves at 21 days post-inoculation. To complete Koch postulates, the pathogen was re-isolated from symptomatic leaves, and the newly established cultures were identified as C. fioriniae known worldwide for causing anthracnosis in a wide range of hosts. This is the first report of C. fioriniae associated with flowering dogwood decline in Louisiana and the southeastern United States with potential forest health implications.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».