Prevalence and correlates of severe depressive symptoms among Arab, Asian, Black, Indigenous, White, and mixed-race individuals in Canada: a population-based study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background Canada's mental health crisis has worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression is particularly concerning due to its prevalence and significant effects, but racial differences in its occurrence and associated factors remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study aims to address this gap by (1) assessing the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Arab, Asian, Black, Indigenous, White, and mixed-race individuals in Canada, and (2) identifying the factors associated within these racial groups. Methods A nationally representative sample (N = 4220) was randomly selected from a Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing panel, ensuring racial diversity (45.45% White, 13.53% Black, 13.25% Indigenous, 11.30% Arab, 7.32% Asian). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses examined the associations between racial discrimination, resilience, and depression, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Findings The prevalence of depressive and severe depressive symptoms varied significantly across racial groups: Indigenous (49.37% and 21.11%), Arab (44.23% and 17.19%), Asian (41.42% and 13.92%), Black (32.92% and 12.78%), and White (32.69% and 10.53%), χ 2 (6) = 88.41, p < 0.0001 and χ 2 (6) = 65.16, p < 0.0001. For depressive symptoms, gender differences were significant only among White (28.96% men, 35.37% women, χ 2 (1) = 8.92, p = 0.0028) and Indigenous (41.40% men, 54.14% women) participants, χ 2 (1) = 8.54, p = 0.0035 and only for Indigenous participants for severe depressive symptoms. Younger participants consistently reported higher depressive and severe depressive symptoms rates across all racial groups. Everyday racial discrimination was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among all racialized and Indigenous groups (β = 0.28–0.43, p < 0.0001). Those reporting very high levels of discrimination were 4.79–18.61 times more likely to exhibit clinically significant depressive symptoms compared to those with low discrimination (Adjusted Odds Ratio=4.79–18.61, p < 0.0001) with similar patterns for severe depressive symptoms. Resilience was negatively associated with depressive symptoms across all groups. Interpretation This study highlights the ongoing mental health crisis in Canada, particularly among racialized and Indigenous communities, which has been exacerbated by the complex racial trauma related to the experience of racial discrimination. There is a critical need for a national mental health plan that incorporates anti-racist and culturally sensitive prevention and care to ensure equitable access to mental health services. Funding This study was funded by a grant from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC – grant # 2324-HQ-000162).
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».