Blockchain-Based Mobile App for Digital Identification of Older Adults in Rural Peru: Design and Usability Evaluation Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Older adults in rural areas of Peru encounter many challenges in accessing critical public services, such as health care, education, and social assistance, due to low levels of digital literacy, limited access to technology, and the lack of formalized, secure ID. This inhibits entry into digital health, education, and social assistance systems and increases their risk of vulnerability and social exclusion. Objective: This study aimed to design a blockchain technology-based mobile app architecture that helps facilitate secure and inclusive digital ID for older adults in rural areas of Peru, enabling access to vital services through a decentralized, privacy-preserving solution. Methods: This study followed the design thinking process, which consists of five phases: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and evaluate. A total of 16 adults (aged 61-85 years) were interviewed to determine the usability barriers and security and privacy concerns with mobile technology, which was used to define functional and nonfunctional requirements. These requirements were developed based on the interviews. The primary features the target population valued included blockchain authentication, assisted registration, multilingual functionality, and a user-friendly interface. The features were prioritized and prototyped using the Figma web-based app. The architecture of the app was developed using the C4 model and accounted for sequential development while ensuring scalability, modularity, and decentralization. Usability was assessed quantitatively by administering the System Usability Scale to the same 16 participants after they had interacted with the prototype. Results: The mean System Usability Scale score was 60.78 (SD 13.68), indicating acceptable usability. The main issues identified were a lack of skills to navigate digital interfaces, concerns regarding data security, and accessibility challenges for people with disabilities. Participants provided high ratings for the assisted registration system and notifications. The modular, blockchain-based system architecture showed substantial potential for scalability and broader inclusion. The prioritization matrix identified that, for adoption, features must incorporate good design, be multilingual, and require secure authentication. Conclusions: The proposed blockchain-based mobile app offers a viable technical and socially inclusive model for secure digital ID of older adults in underserved contexts. Usability testing suggested that the solution was perceived as secure, usable, and appropriate for the target population. Although not fully deployed, our prototypes and system architecture provide a good starting point for future implementation. The findings in this study can contribute to efforts to facilitate digital inclusion, access to services, and respect for people's autonomy in identity management systems for vulnerable people.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,008 | 0,011 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».