Sleep and nocturnal breathing of individuals working over 1-week periods at high altitude: a cross-sectional polysomnographic study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Study Objectives To investigate objective sleep architectures, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) indices in high-altitude workers rotating a week of altitude followed by a week of rest schedules from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory, Atacama, Chile. Methods A total of 122 high-altitude workers (males/females: 70/52) completed a polysomnographic sleep study at the Operation Support Facility (OSF, 2950 m). The majority of the participants (78 [63.9%]) were low-altitude residents. Most of the workers (74 [60.7%]) worked at the Array Operation Site (AOS) at 5050 m (work high) during the day and returned to the OSF to sleep (sleep lower). Results The ALMA workers had a sleep efficiency of 83.2 ± 10.3%, with a total sleep time of 352.2 ± 84.8 minutes. Sleep latency was 16.5 ± 19.3 minutes, and wake after sleep onset was 62.6 ± 56.5 minutes. The odds ratio product (ORP) showed that a quarter of altitude workers (n = 31) were in the severe sleep fragmentation category (ORP type 1,1 and 1,2), with deep sleep of 15.6 ± 11.4% of the total recorded time. The total Sleep Fragmentation Index (SFI) was 34.6 ± 13.5 numbers per hour, with the number of awakenings overnight being 31.3 ± 15.9. The Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 27.4 ± 25.5 events per hour (central apneas: 2.4 ± 6.7 events per hour; obstructive apneas: 7.7 ± 14.6 events per hour). The average blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 88.6 ± 2.2%, with the nadir of 77.3 ± 11.8%, and the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) was 17.2 ± 20.8 events per hour. Males had a higher number of arousals (26.5 ± 13.3 vs 20.4 ± 9.1 events per hour, p = .005), lighter sleep (15.4 ± 9.9 vs 9.7 ± 4.6% total sleep time, p < .001), and higher AHI (36.6 ± 28.7 vs 15.1 ± 12.9 events per hour, p < .001) and ODI (23.8 ± 24.2 vs 8.5 ± 10.0 events per hour, p < .001) compared to females. The number of sleep nights spent within the work week at altitude was negatively associated with sleep fragmentation (p = .0119) and arousal (p = .0092) indices and positively associated with ORP deep sleep (p = .0422), controlling for age. However, the number of years working at altitude was positively associated with the Respiratory Disturbance Index (p = .0014), AHI (p = .0026), and ODI (p = .0328), controlling for age. Older age, male sex, and higher body mass index played contributory roles in increasing AHI and ODI (p < .05). Conclusions High-altitude workers had less deep sleep and high fragmented sleep. Further, they had high sleep apnea and oxygen desaturation indices. The workers who had sleep studies in the latter part of the work week had better sleep indices compared to the workers who had sleep studies on the first and second nights at altitude. The SDB indices were positively associated with the years of working at altitude. Statement of Significance To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating sleep quality in high-altitude workers who have been following “work at very high altitude (5050 m), sleep at lower altitude (2950 m)” over the years. High-altitude workers who completed overnight sleep studies in the later part of their ~7-day work week at altitude had better sleep indices (traditional sleep architecture, odds ratio product, and sleep fragmentation index), suggesting that sleep acclimatization unfolds over nights spent within the work week after arrival to high altitude. Furthermore, a greater number of years working at high altitudes was associated with increased sleep apnea indices.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».