The impact of two-year community-wide pharmacy interventions on the public’s knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors about pharmacists as immunizers
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Immunization rates for vaccine-preventable diseases remain well below targets worldwide, leading to unnecessary morbidity and mortality, and heavy economic burdens to healthcare systems and workforces. One promising avenue to improve vaccine coverage is through the public's acceptance and use of pharmacists as immunizers; yet, at present, pharmacists remain underutilized for vaccine uptake by the public. Further study is needed on how to improve the perceptions and use of pharmacists as immunizers. METHODS: Between 2017 and 2019, pharmacy interventions were conducted in communities in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada, with 23 intervention pharmacies and 21 non-intervention pharmacies. Interventions focused on seven vaccines, and included activities such as pharmacists providing counsel to patients (registered patients and walk-ins), online messaging, and pharmacy posters. Following the interventions, online surveys were conducted among adult residents in the communities (n = 992) to assess the public's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (KABB) regarding pharmacists as immunizers. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests, multiple regressions, and Spearman's ranked correlations. RESULTS: As compared to non-intervention communities, respondents in intervention communities had improved awareness of their vaccination status and increased self-reported uptake for meningococcal ACWY/C and travel vaccines, and reduced uptake of the shingles vaccine (P < 0.05). From combined analysis of non-intervention and intervention communities, willingness to receive a vaccine was strongly associated with being offered that vaccine in the past (R = 1.0, P < 10⁻⁷) and with awareness of recommendations from the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) (R = 0.79, P < 10⁻⁷). Less than 13% of respondents were aware that pharmacists provide the pertussis vaccine, while 90.7% reported they would receive all studied vaccines if free of charge. Respondents without access to a family physician had three-times higher odds of using the internet for vaccine information compared to those with a physician. CONCLUSIONS: The KABB of respondents in intervention and non-intervention communities provided insights into improving the public's use of pharmacists as immunizers. Future strategies may include pharmacists proactively offering vaccines and counsel on Public Health vaccine guidelines to patients, increasing the public's awareness about vaccines provided by pharmacists (through healthcare providers and social media), and expanding public funding for vaccines with low uptake.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».