Diet format, protein, amino acids, salt, and osmolytes, as well as water viscosity, affect water consumption in domestic cats: a scoping review of 32 publications (published from 1975 to 2025) on water intake, hydration status, and related health outcomes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ensuring cats consume sufficient water to maintain their health is a common concern for cat owners. Despite the connection between water intake and animal health, the optimal water intake levels for cats are poorly understood. The present scoping review aimed to determine the extent to which cat hydration research has been conducted, the reported average daily water intake of cats, and whether their water intake requirements have been identified. Online databases were used to identify papers published between 1975 and 2025, from which we selected 32 publications written in English that provided the water intake of cats as an outcome variable. Across an assessment of five groups of healthy domestic cats, 23 to 51 mL/kg BW of total water was consumed daily. A further eight papers reported that cats consumed 70 to 293 mL of water daily. Urine specific gravity (USG) was the most reported physiological biomarker used to assess a cat's hydration status and is used to assist in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, adrenal insufficiency, hepatic disease, and congestive heart failure. USG was frequently measured in conjunction with urine pH, volume (or output), calcium oxalate, struvite, and/or serum biochemistry and a complete blood count to evaluate gross kidney function. The water intake of cats was highly variable within and across studies. Still, it was influenced by factors such as diet format (wet or dry), dietary protein or amino acid content, salt, osmolytes, and water viscosity. The water intake of cats was not affected by fat content or water source type (static or flowing). Healthy cats that consumed 42 to 51 mL/kg BW of total water daily often had a USG <1.035, and this was achieved only when consuming a wet diet or a dry diet with supplemented nutrient-enriched water. Except for those supplemented with nutrient-enriched water, cats on a dry diet had lower TWI and higher USG, suggesting they may be at greater risk of developing feline lower urinary disease, including crystalluria and urolithiasis. Although the minimum water requirement before cats become at a greater risk of developing urinary or renal disease remains unknown, these results provide some evidence of the minimum water intake required for optimal hydration. If not consumed, these cats would likely benefit from a wet, semi-moist, or fresh (high-moisture) diet.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».