Identification and Genetic Diversity of Lake Sturgeon Larvae on Artificial Reefs in the Huron-Erie Corridor
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
There are 27 species of sturgeon worldwide and most are currently extinct, endangered or threatened. Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, one of the oldest species on the planet, evolved about 136 million years ago, and have had little morphological change, and are endemic to the freshwater lakes and rivers created by receding glaciers of the Laurentian ice sheet. Lake sturgeon have seen immense habitat loss due to human development and industrialization has nearly decimated populations. Changes to water and habitat quality, along with overharvesting, have caused declines to nearly 1% of their original population size. The Huron-Erie Corridor (HEC), includes the St. Clair and Detroit rivers that connect the upper and lower Great Lakes. This area in particular has experienced adverse effects over nearly 200 years of human activities, including the removal of spawning habitat to accommodate shipping traffic. Conservation efforts include regulations, endangered species listing, and habitat reconstruction. The creation of artificial reefs may be a sustainable management option by allowing the fish to increase their population sizes naturally. Three artificial reefs were built in the HEC in hopes of replacing spawning habitat. To verify the success and efficacy of the artificial reefs, genetics were used to determine the source and numbers of adult lake sturgeon spawning on the reefs and to determine if genetic diversity is maintained in their offspring. The maintenance of genetic diversity is required to expand population sizes and prevent negative side effects, such as the founder effect, in future generations. Eggs were collected from each reef and hatched into larvae in the lab. DNA was extracted from larval tail clips and PCR was performed to amplify 12 microsatellite loci. The samples were run using a capillary electrophoresis to obtain allele sizes at each locus for each individual. Their genotypes were then compared to 22 previously studied adult lake sturgeon populations in the Great Lakes to determine where the parental population came from. The effective population sizes for each reef were calculated to determine how many adults successfully spawned on each reef. The larval genotypes were then compared to the source population to determine if there were any losses in genetic diversity by calculating observed heterozygosity, allelic richness, and inbreeding coefficients that are indicative of the founder effect. The St. Clair and Detroit River adult populations were found to be the source parental population for the larvae collected on all three artificial reefs. There were large
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».