Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Emerging diseases are defined as those that have newly appeared in a population or that have existed but are increasing in incidence or geographical range. Most emergencies occur because of a breakdown in the barriers that previously limited the geographic or host range of the disease agent. Infectious diseases appear to flourish in disrupted environments. There are about 200 species of wild mammal and > 500 species of wild bird in Canada. These provide a potentially rich pool of new disease agents and disease hosts, which is increased further by the introduction of new species from other areas of the world. Several factors influence the involvement of wild animals in disease emergence; a) the introduction of new disease agents with translocated wild animals; for example, rabies moved with racoons (Procyon lotor) and coyotes (Canis latrans) that were translocated for hunting in the USA; Echinococcus multilocularis was translocated with foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to the southeastern USA; Fasciolides magna moved with elk (Cervus elaphus) from North America to Europe; and chronic wasting disease moved with farmed elk; b) the introduction of a disease agent that becomes established in indigenous wild animals; for example, the establishment of West Nile virus in eastern North American birds and of plague in wild rodents in western North America; c) the introduction of a wild animal that alters the ecology of an existing disease; for example, the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) introduced to New Zealand became the major reservoir for bovine tuberculosis; d) environmental change that favors range expansion or population increase of wild animals involved in a disease; for example, habitat changes have resulted in increased deer and tick populations associated with the emergence of Lyme disease; environmental changes have led to expanded populations of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) and epizootics of Newcastle disease; and range expansion of raccoons has introduced Baylisascaris procyonis to the prairie provinces; e) changes in land use that bring humans, domestic animals, and wild animals into closer contact; and f) changes in human activities that alter disease transmission; for example, the impact of artificial feeding on the maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan and brucellosis in some elk populations; and the occurrence of mycoplasmosis and salmonellosis in songbirds associated with backyard feeders. The involvement of wild animals may complicate management of a newly emerged disease in several ways, including the difficulty in detecting the occurrence of the disease or disease agent in wild animals compared with in human or domestic animal populations, the difficulty in implementing standard disease control measures in free-ranging animals, the need to involve many agencies with different mandates, and public resistance to disease measures that are perceived to be harmful to a publicly owned and highly treasured resource.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,090 | 0,017 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».