Cold, Spread Out, Far...and Brilliant! How Native Peoples and Northern Remote Communities Change Transport Planning
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This paper attempts to answer the following questions. Can small and remote local communities influence main decision-makers in transport? Do their specific transport needs and conditions of implementation of transport projects make them only exotic or conversely, do they provide a unique opportunity to learn from them and change our vision about transport planning? This article intends to present the experience of Quebec and more specifically Northern Quebec where collaboration between political decision makers and Aboriginals (Cree and Inuit) remote communities can be regarded as an excellent learning laboratory about sustainability issues and transport governance in general. What can be learned from the situation? In the province of Quebec (Canada) the majority of the population lives in the vicinity of the St. Lawrence River. In contrast, the Northern part of the province has a very low population density. Thus the region of Nord-du-Quebec, the largest of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec (55% of the land area), comprises less than 1% of the total population of the so-called “Belle Province”. Despite this situation, this region has a significant network of land, sea and air transport. However, it is worth mentioning as an example that even today, some northern communities are not linked by land transport infrastructures to the main agglomerations of the south of the province where air and sea transport play a unique role and where all terrain vehicle (ATV) transport acquires a meaning that goes beyond the normally recreational character of this means of transport. Also, contextually, two dimensions make the planning and transport interventions challenging in this specific region. This paper has three objectives. The authors would initially like to offer a quick historical portrait of the transport situation in the remote communities of Nunavik and James Bay over the last 40 years. Second, the authors intend to identify the political, legal, economic and socio-environmental changes that have occurred during this period. Finally, the paper aims to highlight how Native Peoples have contributed to a new vision of transport planning and improved solutions in term of sustainability and access to remote communities. In order to illustrate these changes, the authors will provide 4 concrete examples of projects completed, ongoing and future: (1) the maritime infrastructures of Nunavik; (2) the management and maintenance of local airports; (3) the project of construction of new land access to Kuujjuaq; and (4) the Airfare Reduction Program to isolated communities.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».