Assessment of the impact of oil and gas industry emissions on the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The size of the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry in western Canada is enormous, yet the potential impact of the industry and related chemical emissions on local environments remains largely unknown.Therefore, when a study was initiated to investigate the health, productivity, and immune competence of domestic livestock chronically exposed to emissions from oil and gas batteries and associated field facilities in the western provinces of Canada, a parallel study of a representative wildlife species was conducted to gain further insight into the potential impact of the industry on environmental health.To this end, wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were attracted to nesting locations surrounding oil and gas emission sites and suitable reference sites through strategic placement of nest boxes in the breeding seasons of 2001 and 2002.Spanning these two field seasons, reproductive performance (clutch size, egg weight and volume, and hatchability), nestling condition and survival were examined in 120 nests over a large geographical area in central Alberta.In addition, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-odeethylase (EROD) activity (a measure of cytochrome P450IA1 biotransformation activity) and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (P AH) metabolites in bile were measured as biomarkers of exposure to certain contaminants, including P AHs, present in oil and gas emissions.Hatchability and fledging success of the starlings were not significantly associated with S0 2 , H 2 S, and benzene concentrations, and proximity to oil and gas well sites.In contrast, ambient weather conditions, particularly total precipitation and average temperature during the period of interest, were significantly associated with these outcomes.Nestling size, when measured as tarsal length, was significantly decreased with exposure to increasing benzene concentration.However this effect was not seen on nestling development, measured using the length of the 1oth primary feather.None of nestling weight, egg weight or egg volume was associated with any measurement of contaminant exposure.Although no association was found between EROD activity or biliary PAH metabolite concentrations in starling nestlings and the exposure variables measured, nest occupancy rate (an effect of nest location on the outcome variable), and minimum temperature during the period from nest initiation to fledging of the brood acted as predictors ofEROD activity, while total precipitation was Judit Smits for their encouragement and guidance in the preparation of this thesis.Their countless hours spent with me in the field refining our methods, and pouring over drafts of this document are much appreciated.Also to Cheryl Waldner, without whose help, I would still be hopelessly mired in a jungle of data, with no way out!The vast expertise in the area of avian biology needed for this project was taught to be me by a single person; Gary Bortolotti taught me the beauty of ornithology and also encouraged me when I was most in need of it.Finally, I would like to thank Barry Blakley for his guidance and wisdom each step of the way along this journey, whose thorough direction made the road very clear and easy to follow.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».