Book Review: Democracy and Social Peace in Divided Societies: Exploring Consociational Parties
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BOOK REVIEW: DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL PEACE IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES: EXPLORING CONSOCIATIONAL PARTIES Democracy and social peace in divided societies: Exploring consociational parties. Matthijs Bogaards. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 256 pp. £58.00 (hardback).There have certainly been many scholars and practitioners interested in consociational democracy whom academic literature, so far, could not provide an answer to the following question: Is Consociationalism only applicable at the state level or is it also relevant for individual organizations such as parties? The answer, it seems according to a recent publication by Matthijs Bogaards, is the latter. The book asks: Do consociational parties work in the same way as classic consociational democracies and do they produce the same results, if perhaps under different conditions? (p. 11).This work starts from the central claim that consociational literature has until now ignored the possibility that political representation and accommodation of diversity take place rather than among parties (p. 1, emphasis original). Therefore, the author introduces the concept of a 'consociational party' - a party that within itself combines all five features of Consociationalism (the party-political organization of socio-cultural differences, a grand coalition of group leaders, proportionality, group autonomy, and a mutual veto) (p. 2).The book is motivated by three central concerns: First, to explore the circumstances under which consociational parties develop, succeed, and fail; second, to analyse the role such parties play in the broader system; and third, to examine the legacy of consociational parties in safeguarding democracy and social peace.The book explores these concerns by means of seven case studies on consociational parties - four historical ones (the Alliance party in Fiji, the Congress party in India, the Kenya African National Union, and the socialist party of Yugoslavia) and three contemporary ones (the Liberal Party in Canada, the Alliance/National Front in Malaysia, and the African National Congress in South Africa).Throughout the book, Bogaards tests three hypotheses: Firstly, internalising the external dimension of accommodation, the consociational party's dual functions of representation and accommodation are likely to produce inherent tensions, thus inhibiting organizational performance. Secondly, since consociational parties tend to be dominant parties, they are better able to represent a plurality when operating in majoritarian systems. Thirdly, the way socio-cultural representation is organized in a consociational party affects nature, impact, and extent of accommodation.The book is organised into seven chapters: The first one introduces the concept of a consociational party and constructs a typology consisting of five different party types: The alliance party, the congress party, the rainbow party, the league model, and the single party - the first three being democratic types, the last two undemocratic ones.Chapters two to five look at these different types of consociational parties one after another by means of seven case studies: The second chapter considers the alliance party model drawing on the examples of Malaysia and Fiji; the third chapter moves on to the congress model in India and Canada while chapter four considers non-democratic types such as the league model in Yugoslavia and the single party in Kenya. The fifth chapter, finally, considers the rainbow party model in South Africa.Chapter six turns to exploring the factors that contribute to the emergence of consociational parties. Here Bogaards brings forward his central argument that the nature of the regime is a crucial contributing factor to the development of consociational parties, which appear to flourish in majoritarian systems: As dominant parties, consociational parties benefit from majoritarian institutions, making representation more inclusive and accommodation more far-reaching and effective (p. …
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,009 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,041 | 0,018 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».