Triepeolus buchwaldi

Triepeolus buchwaldi (Friese, 1908) Figs 1C, 4C, 6 Epeolus buchwaldi Friese, 1908: 87 (♀, ♂), lectotype presently designated. Triepeolus megadelphus Cockerell, 1914: 314 (♂), syn. nov. Triepeolus aguilari Moure, 1955: 130 (♂), syn. nov. Triepeolus buchwaldi – Cockerell 1913: 372. Non? Epeolus xanthurus Cockerell, 1917 – Moure & Melo 2007: 590 (incorrectly tentatively synonymized with T. buchwaldi). Diagnosis The following morphological features in combination tell T. buchwaldi apart from all other South American Triepeolus: the mesoscutum does not have long (≥ ½ MOD), erect setae (Fig. 4C); the T1 basal band is arched and continuous with (and indistinguishable from) the lateral longitudinal bands, such that the discal patch is semicircular or triangular (Fig. 6B); T1–T4 have medially interrupted bands of pale-yellow tomentum (Fig. 6B); and the T2 apical transverse bands have lobe-like anterolateral extensions (Fig. 6A–C). Triepeolus buchwaldi is very similar in overall appearance to T. atoconganus and T. cecilyae, but in the latter two species the dorsum of the mesosoma (at least anterolaterally) and mesopleura (at least in the upper half) have dense, long (≥ ½ MOD), erect/suberect, minutely branched setae. Etymology The specific epithet (declined in the genitive case) honors G.V. Buchwald, who collected the lectotype (Friese 1908). Material examined Primary type material ECUADOR • ♂, lectotype of E. buchwaldi; Guayas, Guayaquil; 1901; G.V. Buchwald leg.; ZMB 8e2500 • ♂, holotype of T. megadelphus; Guayas, Guayaquil; May–Jun. 1913; C.T. Brues leg.; AMNH AMNH _ IZC 00323951. PERU • ♂, holotype of T. aguilari; Lima, Lima; Jan. 1949; P. Aguilar leg.; DZUP. Secondary type material ECUADOR • 1 ♀, paralectotype of E. buchwaldi; Guayas, Guayaquil; Apr. 1901; Buchwald leg.; AMNH No. 25147 • 2 ♀♀, paralectotypes of E. buchwaldi; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 1901; Buchwald leg.; ZMB. Non-type material ECUADOR • 1 ♂; El Oro, 19 km NE of Piñas (Hotel Machay); 2 Jul. 1989; L. Stange and R. Miller leg.; FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 3490 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Jul. 1989; L. Stange and R. Miller leg.; FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 1327 • 1 ♂; Guayas, Guayaquil; 1930; F. Campos leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Guayas, Playas; 26 Feb. 1972; M. Deyrup leg.; AMNH • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Apr. 1987; M. Cooper leg.; NHMUK NHMUK013620574, NHMUK013620578, NHMUK013620585 • 1 ♂; Loja, Loja (14 km W of Catamayo); 9 Jul. 1989; L. Stange and R. Miller leg.; FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 3491 • 1 ♀; Manabí, Canoa; 10 Jan. 1981; A. Roig leg.; MACN • 2 ♂♂; Manabí, Chone; May 1976; M. Fritz leg.; MACN • 1 ♀; Manabí, Portoviejo; 30 Apr. 1969; P. Alcivar leg.; USNM M.G.R. Database No. 5936 • 16 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1969; P. Alcivar leg.; USNM • 1 ♂; Santa Elena, El Azúcar (near Santa Elena); 12 Apr. 1977; M.E. Irwin leg.; INHS 387483. PERU • 1 ♀; Áncash, 1 km NE of Carhuaz; 15 May 1996; J.G. Rozen and A. Ugarte leg.; AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 2264 • 6 ♀♀; Cajamarca, 14 km E of Tembladera; 7.2017° S, 79.0386° W; 22 Mar. 1999; J.G. Rozen and A. Ugarte leg.; AMNH M.G.R. Database Nos. 2245, 2247, 2255, 2257, 2261, 2263 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Mar. 1999; J.G. Rozen and A. Ugarte leg.; AMNH AMNH_ IZC 00292365 /M.G.R. Database No. 2260 • 14 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Mar. 1999; J.G. Rozen and A. Ugarte leg.; AMNH M.G.R. Database Nos. 2246, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2256, 2258, 2259, 2262, 3707, 3708 • 1 ♂; La Libertad, Cartavio; 20 Mar. 1987; E.G. Sayth leg.; LACM M.G.R. Database No. 3653 • 1 ♂; La Libertad, Chillia; 15 Mar. 1953; Weyrauch leg.; IFML • 1 ♀, 6 ♂♂; La Libertad, Simbal; 4 Jul. 1974; L. Stange and C. Porter leg.; IFML • 1 ♀; Lambayeque, 32 km ENE of Olmos; 21 May 1996; J.G. Rozen and A. Ugarte leg.; AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 1328 • 1 ♀; Lambayeque, Lambayeque; 5 Mar. 1981; M.E. Irwin leg.; INHS 7774 /M.G.R. Database No. 3706 • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Lima, Chosica; 20 Feb. 1928; R.C. Shanon leg.; USNM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Apr. 1970; R. García leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Lima, Lima; 3 Feb. 1949; P. Aguilar leg.; UNMSM • 1 ♂ (erroneously labeled as the holotype but actually a non-type specimen); same collection data as for preceding; 3 Feb. 1949; P. Aguilar leg.; UNMSM M.G.R. Database No. 3488 • 1 ♂; Lima, Miraflores (Lima); 3 Feb. 1949; P.A.F. leg.; IFML FC 234 • 1 ♂; Lima, Río Chillón; 14 Mar. 1953; Weyrauch leg.; IFML • 1 ♂; Lima, Río Lurín; 22 Nov. 1952; Weyrauch leg.; IFML • 1 ♂; Lima, Valle del Chillón; 6 Mar. 1966; R. García leg.; UNMSM M.G.R. Database No. 3489 • 1 ♂; Piura, Querecotillo; 23 Jul. 1982; R.B. Miller and L. Stange leg.; FSCA. Non-preserved material PERU • 1 ♀; Lambayeque, Lambayeque; 31 Jan. 2023; M. Campos obs.; iNaturalist record #152688525. Redescription MEASUREMENTS OF LECTOTYPE. Body length 8.8 mm; ITW 1.7 mm; head length 2.0 mm; head width 2.8 mm; fore wing length 7.3 mm. Both sexes INTEGUMENT COLORATION. Dark brown to black except as follows. Mandible with apical third golden yellow (entirely dark brown/black in some non-type specimens). Mandible with basal two-thirds, scape and pedicel to some extent, F1 extensively, pronotal lobe, tegula, coxae to some extent, trochanters to tarsi (excluding brown meso- and metatibial spurs) partially to entirely, metasomal terga laterally, and metasomal sterna to some extent orange. Fore wing membrane subhyaline, apically dusky. Hind wing membrane dusky subhyaline to hyaline. Pygidial plate to some extent reddish brown. PUBESCENCE. Face with tomentum densest around antennal socket. Tomentum slightly sparser on clypeus; upper paraocular and frontal areas and vertexal area mostly exposed. Pronotal collar with tomentum uniformly pale yellow. Mesoscutum with well-defined paramedian band of pale-yellow tomentum, tapering slightly toward and attaining anterior margin; pale tomentum otherwise mostly restricted to lateral and posterior margins. Mesopleuron with off-white, appressed, branched setae; upper half densely setose, except behind pronotal lobe, with setae slightly sparser on hypoepimeral area; ventrolateral half sparsely setose. Metanotum with tomentum uninterrupted, uniformly pale yellow. Propodeal triangle mostly glabrous, with (pale) setae restricted to small lateral patches. Metasomal terga with bands of off-white to pale-yellow tomentum. T1 with basal transverse band widely interrupted medially, arched, and continuous with (and indistinguishable from) lateral longitudinal band; apical transverse band separated into pair of rounded lobes medially; discal patch triangular (semicircular in some non-type specimens). T2–T4 with medially interrupted apical transverse bands, that of T2 with pair of basomedially convergent anterolateral extensions. S2–S3 with apical transverse bands of white tomentum. SURFACE SCULPTURE. Labrum and clypeus with punctures equally dense (most i <1d); interspaces well defined, shining. Vertexal area densely punctate (most i <1d). Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla with punctures more or less equally dense and nearly contiguous (most i<1d). Mesopleuron with punctures in upper half not much denser (most i<1d) than in ventrolateral half (most i≤ 1d); interspaces shining; punctures similar in size throughout. Discs of metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i ≈1d), and evenly distributed; interspaces shining somewhat. STRUCTURE. Labrum with pair of small subapical denticles, each preceded by discrete longitudinal ridge. Pronotal collar rather short (medial length ~⅔ MOD). Mesoscutellum moderately bigibbous. Axilla extending little if at all beyond midlength of mesoscutellum; tip visible but somewhat blunt, mesally unattached to mesoscutellum for less than ⅓ medial length of axilla; lateral margin relatively straight. Female T5 with broadly convex apical margin and large patch of off-white to pale-yellow tomentum on each side lateral to pseudopygidial area. Pseudopygidial area circular, with setae glossy, predominantly grayish brown, and sparser centrally; apical margin with row of dense, appressed and suberect coppery to silvery setae. Pygidial plate apically truncate. S4 with apical transverse band of white tomentum. S5 straight in lateral view, covered in brown tomentum and with apical fimbria of brown bristle-like setae. Male T5–T6 with medially interrupted apical transverse bands of off-white to pale-yellow tomentum. Pygidial plate relatively flat and apically rounded. S4–S5 each with apical/subapical fringe of dense, long (> 1 MOD), curved, coppery to silvery setae, not contrasting strongly with bands of preceding sterna. Distribution Ecuador and Peru, west of the Andes (Fig. 1C). Ecology Host records One (female) specimen of T. buchwaldi at the AMNH (M.G.R. Database No. 2260) is pinned with a specimen identified by C.D. Michener as Florilegus purpurascens Cockerell, 1914 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini), both of which were apparently taken from the same nest 14 km E of Tembladera in Cajamarca, Peru. Floral records Rightmyer (2006) reported this species on Bidens L. (Asteraceae) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Images on iNaturalist show this species visiting Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae). The label of one examined voucher specimen says “soybean var. trial bloom”. Remarks In his treatment of South American Triepeolus, Moure (1955) indicated that he was not familiar with T. megadelphus. However, Moure subsequently examined the holotype, in 1957—the year indicated on his determination label (Fig. S9F in Supp. file 2)—and identified the specimen as T. buchwaldi but did not publish the synonymy. The authors of the present study agree with Moure’s designation, as the specimen does not exhibit any morphological features to suggest that it belongs to a separate species, so T. megadelphus is herein synonymized under T. buchwaldi. Moure (1955) described T. aguilari based on a male specimen from Lima, Peru, claiming it to

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