Beneath the Surface: sub-lethal effects of parasites and pollutants on mammal energetics and implications for aquatic ecosystems.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sub-lethal infections by helminth parasites are generally considered unimportant for wildlife fitness. However, data on the sub-lethal effects of parasites, combined with the effects of anthropogenic stressors, are often lacking. To fill this gap in knowledge, I carried out a meta-analysis of the literature to determine if sub-lethal infections of helminth parasites significantly influence mammal energetic condition. In parallel, I surveyed the parasites and metal contaminants of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neogale vison) in Alberta and British Columbia, modeling their effects on host energetic condition. Parasite communities and metal contaminants were also compared against previous reports on otter and mink across North America collected via a systemic search of the literature. Although river otter and mink are ecologically, economically, and charismatically important semi-aquatic mammals in Canada, little is known about their parasites and contaminants. As carnivores at the top of freshwater food chains, they are ideal sentinels of ecosystem health. Results of the meta-analysis showed strong negative effects of infection on mammal energetic condition across major taxa. Effect size was influenced by methodological bias, suggesting that research limitations may have driven assumptions of insignificance. Surveys of the parasite populations in sampled mink and otter showed a diversity of parasites, including multiple species of zoonotic concern, and was characterized by four main species (Alaria mustelae, Filaroides martis, Isthmiophora inermis, and Versteria rafei n. spp.). Most prevalent were infections by mesocercariae of A. mustelae (Trematoda:Diplostomidae), a zoonotic species, related to subacute to chronic inflammation, not previously reported in otter and mink in North America. Due to their economic importance as furbearing species, especially for First Nation and Metís peoples, otter and mink are a potential pathway for the spread of zoonotic pathogens. Concentrations of metal contaminants were generally high compared to historical reports in these species in North America; Silver, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Gallium, Rubidium, and Strontium were present at particularly high concentrations. Gallium and Rubidium, which have historically received little attention, were seen at much higher levels than previously reported and may represent emergent contaminants of concern. Anthropogenic sources of contaminants are significant drivers of this trace metal contamination, especially industrial, mining, pulp and paper, and oil and gas activities, across both local and sub-watershed scales. Areas of concern where populations may be more at risk include coastal populations along the Salish Sea, including Vancouver Island and the Sunshine Coast, the Columbia and Thompson River valleys and other environments impacted by coal mining, transport, and processing, and watersheds within the Alberta oil sands. Energetic condition was significantly influenced by mesocercariae of A. mustelae and elevated levels of essential metal contaminants, especially Copper and Zinc, and by Gallium, a rarely studied non-essential metal contaminant. Overall, the findings of this study highlight serious gaps in knowledge concerning the importance of sub-lethal stressors such as parasites and metal contaminants in mammals. It synthesized the current state of the literature regarding sub-lethal effects of helminths on mammals and historical reports of metal contamination in otter in mink to create averages for easy comparison. As well as expanding our understanding of contaminant exposure and parasitic infection in aquatic mammals in Western Canada. This work suggests that parasites and contaminants are significant, interacting stressors on mink and otter populations. Future work on the potential effect of rising temperatures on parasite success, contaminant bioavailability, and their cumulative effects on mammal fitness is urgently needed.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».