The Causal Relationship Between Job Characteristics, Organizational Support, Stress and Performance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Job stress is a common occurrence and of the utmost concern for management (Avey, Luthans, & Jensen, 2009). Canadian employees report workplace stress as a primary cause of mental health concerns which can subsequently impact workplace productivity and job performance (Mental Health Commission of Canada, 2019). In addition, the novel Coronavirus has had several negative consequences on people including for example the forced closure of work which has resulted in financial, social and health-related problems in part due to the consequences of stress (Brooks et al., 2020; Hossain, Sultana, & Purohit, 2020; Probst, Humer, Stippl, & Pieh, 2020; Sharma et al., 2020). Sports organizations are their employees are certainly not immune to the deleterious effects of stress (c.f., MacIntosh & Burton, 2019). Consequently, one of the management considerations to attenuate for stress is known as job characteristics (c.f., Hackman & Oldham, 1976). Hackman and Oldham (1976) developed the job characteristics theory, which can be used to understand the relationship between job characteristics, job design with various outcomes of interests such as performance. They suggested five characteristics of the job (i.e., skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) that influenced personal and work-related outcomes (Hackman & Oldham, 1976). Research has shown that when employees are faced with stressful conditions and high job demands, moral and economic support from the organization is needed (Krishnan & Mary, 2012). Organizational support theory (OST) proposes that employees form a general perception and belief concerning how the organizational management values their contributions and cares about their well-being (Eisenberger et al., 1986; Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002). According to OST, such perceptions could have considerable effects on work outcomes (Eisenberger & Stinglhamber, 2011; Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002), employees’ work attitudes and behaviors including feelings of stress (Kurtessis et al., 2015). The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between job characteristics, perceived organizational support, job stress, and job performance. This research was conducted on the employees within the sports sectors in Canada (N = 146) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a structural equation model (SEM), this study describes the relationships which exist based upon validated existing measures, specifically: Job Characteristics questionnaires (Morgeson & Humphrey, 2006), Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) short version questionnaire (Eisenberger, Cummings, Armeli, & Lynch, 1997), Job Stress Scale (Parker & DeCotiis, 1983) and Williams and Anderson’s job performance questionnaire (Williams & Anderson, 1991). The results of the study confirm that job characteristics components can decrease overall job stress and improve job performance amongst sports employees even during a pandemic. Moreover, there is a significant impact between the level of organizational support and job stress. Specifically, when organizational support increases, job stress will be reduced. This study contributes to the extant sport management literature within organizational behavior and provides an account of the importance for management to take a person-centered approach, particularly during high-stress times such as the Covid-19 Pandemic.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».