Euura obscuripes

251 Euura obscuripes (Holmgren, 1883) Figs 268–270, 481–482 Nematus obscuripes Holmgren, 1883: 144–145, pl. 1 fig. 5. Lectotype designated below. Amauronematus poppii Konow, 1904a: 260–261. Lectotype designated below. Secondary homonym of Pontania poppii Konow, 1904 [Euura poppii (Konow, 1904)]. Syn. nov. Amauronematus humeralis var. rufomacula Malaise, 1931b: 44. Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov. Amauronematus variabilis var. sjoeblomi Malaise, 1931b: 43–44. Lectotype designated below. Syn. nov. Amauronematus tridentatus Malaise, 1931b: 48–49. Syn. nov. Amauronematus carbonarius Hellén, 1951a: 71–72. Syn. nov. Amauronematus enslini Lindqvist, 1959d: 8–9. Secondary homonym of Pontania enslini Zirngiebl, 1937 [Euura crassipes (Thomson, 1871)]. Syn. nov. Amauronematus obesus Lindqvist, 1959d: 11–12. Syn. nov. Amauronematus compactus Bogacheva, 1977: 87–88. Lectotype ♀ (ZMMU), designated by Zinovjev & Schmidt (1994), not examined. Type locality: Russia, Polar Urals, Kharp biological station. Syn. nov. 20 serrulae; lancet not distinguishable from, e.g., NHRS-HEVA000006389 and penis valve like, e.g., ZMUO.037203. Euura bertilpoppii Heibo & Liston, 2014 in Prous et al. 2014: 52. Replacement name for Amauronematus poppii Konow, 1904. Euura bavarica Blank & Liston, 2014 in Prous et al. 2014: 52. Replacement name for Amauronematus enslini Lindqvist, 1959. Diagnosis Most similar to E. toeniata, which usually has a darker (black) pterostigma. Nearly completely black specimens may not be reliably distinguishable from similarly coloured E. toeniata. Paler specimens of E. obscuripes have more brown or reddish markings rather than whitish or greyish as in E. toeniata. The species is also very similar to E. variator (variator group), but most females can usually be distinguished. Euura variator females are 5.0– 7.5 mm (E. obscuripes 6.5–9.5 mm), have a nearly always ventrally completely pale abdomen (mostly black in E. obscuripes), and usually pale tegula and metafemur (tegula and metafemur black especially in smaller specimens of E. obscuripes). There are exceptions, for example the sequenced E. obscuripes specimen DEI-GISHym84010 is small (~ 6.5 mm) and extensively pale, making it nearly indistinguishable from typical E. variator (including the lancet). Practically the only difference to pale specimens of E. variator seems to be a black supraclypeal area in DEI-GISHym84010. The supraclypeal area seems to be always (?) pale in E. variator specimens that have some reddish colour on mesonotum and/or mesoscutellum. Males are similar to the E. variator and E. vittata groups and might not always be distinguishable. The species as delimited here is genetically and morphologically variable, but because the variability is apparently nearly continuous, there is insufficient evidence for the recognition of more than one species. The strongest indication of the existence of an additional species is a lineage based on nuclear DNA that seems to feed on Salix myrsinites. The oldest available name for this lineage might be Amauronematus humeralis var. rufomacula (preoccupied Amauronematus poppii and Euura bertilpoppii would be synonyms in this case). However, reliable morphological separation of rufomacula from obscuripes is unclear. Furthermore, additional genetic and host plant data should be obtained to check how well rufomacula really separates from obscuripes. Type material examined Lectotype Nematus obscuripes, here designated RUSSIA – Novaja Zemlya • ♀; Matotschkin Scharr [Matochkin Strait]; 73.3° N, 55.6° E; 1875; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006456. Lectotype Amauronematus poppii, here designated RUSSIA • ♀; Kanin Peninsula; 68.0° N, 45.0° E; B. Poppius leg.; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym4099. Lectotype Amauronematus humeralis var. rufomacula, here designated RUSSIA – Kamchatka oblast • ♀; Nischne-Kamtchatsk, Lake Azhabachye; 56.166° N, 161.893° E; R. Malaise leg.; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006423. Notes 20–21 serrulae; lancet not distinguishable from DEI-GISHym19923 or DEI-GISHym84010. Malar space about 1.5 times as long as diameter of front ocellus. Lectotype Amauronematus variabilis var. sjoeblomi, here designated RUSSIA – Kamchatka oblast • ♀; Nischne-Kamtchatsk, Lake Azhabachye; 56.166° N, 161.893° E; R. Malaise leg.; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006381. Notes 22 serrulae; lancet most similar to DEI-GISHym19923; malar space (1.6) somewhat shorter from DEIGISHym84010 (1.9–2.1). Holotype Amauronematus tridentatus RUSSIA – Kamchatka oblast • ♀; Klutchi [Klyuchi]; 56.32° N, 160.85° E; R. Malaise leg.; NHRS, NHRS-HEVA000006422. Notes Morphologically similar to DEI-GISHym84010. Holotype Amauronematus carbonarius SWEDEN – Lule Lappmark • ♀; Hildomvare; 67.28° N, 16.92° E; 900–1000 m a.s.l.; 9 Jul. 1944; P. Brinck and K. Wingstrand leg.; MZLU, MZLU-HYM00031488. Notes Best morphological match: DEI-GISHym19905 and DEI-GISHym12101. The synonymy with groenlandicus Malaise by Benson (1962) is here not supported. Holotype Amauronematus enslini GERMANY – Bayern • ♀; Oberstdorf; 47.42° N, 10.30° E; 22 Jun. 1940; E. Enslin leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.5119. Notes Best morphological match: DEI-GISHym19904. Holotype Amauronematus obesus FINLAND – Uusimaa • ♀; Helsinki, Munksnäs [Munkkiniemi]; 60.22° N, 24.89° E; 9 May 1937; E. Lindqvist leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.2758. Notes Malar space about 1.6 times as long as diameter of front ocellus; serrulae most similar to DEIGISHym19904, but setae longer. Host plants Salix glauca, S. lanata, S. lapponum, S. myrsinites. Genetics COI Based on 30 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.52% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, is Euura toeniata. When a specimen (DEI-GISHym31073) from California (USA) is included, maximum within-species distance is 6.23%. Nuclear Based on 24 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.28% (0.47% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.07%, is Euura toeniata. When excluding the E. obscuripes specimen DEI-GISHym19806 with only 1529 bp of NaK and POL2 available, E. toeniata is a minimum of 0.15% different. Inclusion of a specimen (DEI-GISHym31073) from California (USA) does not change the distance values. Although DEI-GISHym31073 is closest to E. toeniata DEI-GISHym83784 (highly heterozygous female) based on distance calculations (0.32%), morphologically it does not differ from E. obscuripes and also phylogenetically tends to group with E. obscuripes. Distribution and material examined Holarctic. Specimens studied are from Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA.

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